Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Multidisciplinary optimization of car bodies

  • Industrial Application
  • Published:
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rising complexity of industrial development in the automotive industry is leading to a higher degree of interdisciplinarity, which is especially true in the virtual design area. New methods and solution procedures have to be evaluated and integrated in the overall process. For example, in car body design process, a new topic emerged recently: the multidisciplinary optimization of car bodies with respect to crash and NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness). Because rigorous evaluation of appropriate numerical algorithms is still missing, an intense study was realized at the research center of BMW. The results are summarized in this article. Four benchmarks have been studied: (a) a full vehicle model for NVH analysis, (b) a simplified multidisciplinary problem with a single crash case and linear statics and dynamics, (c) a lateral impact problem for multi-criteria optimization, and finally, (d) a small shape optimization problem was included to demonstrate the potential of transferring the results to the more complex problem of optimizations based on real changes in the shape of the structures. Because response surface methods have already been discussed in the literature and because of their failure in certain industrial cases, the focus was set on the evaluation of stochastic algorithms: simulated annealing, genetic and evolutionary algorithms were tested. Finally, a complete industrial multidisciplinary example from the current development process was studied for the validation of the results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bäck T (1996) Evolutionary Algorithms in Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press

  • Beyer HG (2001) The Theory of Evolution Strategies. Natural Computing Series, Springer

  • Blumhardt R (2002) Numerische Optimierung des Crashverhaltens von Fahrzeugstrukturen und komponenten. PhD thesis, Technische Universität München

  • Büche D (2003) Multi-objective evolutionary optimization of gas turbine components. PhD thesis, ETH Zürich

  • Coello CA, Veldhuizen vDA, Lamont GB (2002) Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems. Kluwer Acad. Publ.

  • Craig KJ, Nielen S, Dooge DA, Varadappa S (2002) Multidisciplinary design optimization of automotive crashworthiness and NVH using LS-Opt. In: 7th Int. LS-DYNA Users Conf., Michigan, US

  • Deb K (2001) Multi-Objective Optimization using Evolutionary Algorithms. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Duddeck F (2002) Evaluation of response surface methods for MDO. Tech. rep., BMW, Munich

  • Duddeck F, Volz K (2005) Evaluation of optimization algorithms for crash and NVH. In: Bathe KJ (ed) 3rd M.I.T. Conf. on Comput. Fluid and Solid Mech., Elsevier, Oxford, pp 1240–1243

    Google Scholar 

  • Duddeck F, Heiserer D, Lescheticky J (2003) Stochastic methods for optimization of crash and NVH problems. In: Bathe KJ (ed) 2nd M.I.T. Conf. on Comput. Fluid and Solid Mech., Elsevier, Oxford, pp 2265–2268

    Google Scholar 

  • Duddeck F, Kropp A, Wegner S (2005) Multi-criteria evolutionary optimization for car body acoustics. In: Schilling R, Haase W, Periaux J, Baier H, Bugeda G (eds) Evolutionary and Deterministic Methods for Design, Optimization and Control with Applications to Industrial and Societal Problems, EUROGEN 2005, Technische Universität München, pp 1–12

  • Fang H, Rais-Rohani M, Liu Z, Horstemeyer M (2005) A comparative study of metamodeling methods for multiobjective crashworthiness optimization. Comput Struct 83:2121–2136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fogel LJ, Owens AJ, J WM (1966) Artificial Intelligence Through Simulated Evolution. John Wiley, New York, U.S.A.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg J (2005) Structural optimization in vehicle crashworthiness design. PhD thesis, Linköping University

  • Forsberg J, Nilsson L (2005) On polynomial response surfaces and Kriging for use in structural optimization of crashworthiness. Struct Multidisc Optim 29(3):232–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg J, Nilsson L (2006) Evaluation of response surface methodologies used in crashworthiness optimization. Int J Impact Engrg 32:759–777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heiserer D, Zimmer H (2004) Formoptimierung in der frühen Phase der Karosserieentwicklung. In: VDI - Berechnung und Simulation im Fahrzeugbau, Würzburg

  • Holland JH (1975) Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansson T, Nilsson L, Redhe M (2003) Using surrogate models and response surfaces in structural optimization - with application on crashworthiness design and sheet metal forming. Struct Multidisc Optim 25(2):129–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt Jr CD, Vecchi MP (1983) Optimization by simulated annealing. Science 220(4598):671–680

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Kodiyalam S (2003) High performance computing for multidisciplinary design optimization and robustness of vehicle structures. In: Bathe KJ (ed) 2nd M.I.T. Conf. on Comput. Fluid and Solid Mech., Elsevier, Oxford, pp 2305–2307

    Google Scholar 

  • Kodiyalam S, Sobieski J (2001) Multidisciplinary design optimisation: some formal methods, framework requirements, and application to vehicle design. Int J Vehicle Design 25(1/2):3–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koza JR (1992) Genetic Programming. Bradford Book, The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kropp A (2006) Robust acoustic vehicle body design using evolutionary algorithms. In: Int. Conf. Noise and Vibration Engrg, ISMA2006, Leuven

  • Lescheticky J, Duddeck F, Girona S, Willmes L (2004) Effizientere Produktentwicklung durch den Einsatz multidisziplinärer Optimierungsverfahren im Entwurfsprozess von Karosserien. In: Numerical Analysis and Simulation, VDI-Berichte, Würzburg, 1846, pp 583–601

  • Marklund PO (2002) Finite element simulation of airbag deployment and optimization in crashworthiness design. PhD thesis, Linköping University

  • Müllerschön H, Hove M, Mlekusch B (2006) Optimization strategies for highly non-linear FE-applications as crashworthiness applications. In: 3rd Europ. Conf. on Comput. Mech., Lisbon, 2388

  • Myers RH, Montgomery DC (1995) Response Surface Methodology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rechenberg I (1973) Evolutionstrategie: Optimierung technisher Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution. Fromman-Holzboog Verlag, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Redhe M (2004) On vehicle crashworthiness design using structural optimization. PhD thesis, Linköping University

  • Redhe M, Nilsson L (2006) A multipoint version of space mapping optimization applied to vehicle crashworthiness design. Struct Multidisc Optim 31:134–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Redhe M, Giger M, Nilsson L (2004) An investigation of structural optimization in crashworthiness design using a stochastic approach. Struct Multidisc Optim 27(6):728–734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm U (2001) Multi-disciplinary optimization for NVH and crashworthiness. In: Bathe KJ (ed) 1st M.I.T. Conf. on Comput. Fluid and Solid Mech., Elsevier, Oxford, pp 721–724

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J, Kodiyalam S, Yang RJ (2000) Optimization of car body under constraints of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), and crash. American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics 1521

  • Stander N, Craig KJ (2002) On the robustness of a simple domain reduction scheme for simulation based optimization. Engrg Comput Review 19(4):431–450

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Volz K (2007) Topologie- und Gestaltoptimierung von Rohkarosserien zur Verbesserung der Crasheigenschaften von Fahrzeugen in der frühen Entwicklungsphase. PhD thesis, Technische Universität München, to be published

  • Volz K, Duddeck F (2005) Crash optimization of car bodies in the concept stage of vehicle development. In: Bathe KJ (ed) 3rd M.I.T. Conf. on Comput. Fluid and Solid Mech., Elsevier, Oxford, pp 1315–1319

    Google Scholar 

  • Wauquiez C, Kayvantash K, Masfrand S, Bekkour T, Arnaudeau F (2005) Mass minimization of vehicle structure subject to varying crashworthiness constraints: a prediction-correction approach. In: Bathe KJ (ed) 3rd M.I.T. Conf. on Comput. Fluid and Solid Mech., Elsevier, Oxford, pp 1320–1323

    Google Scholar 

  • Will J, Riedel J, Bucher C, Raasch I (2004) Suche nach alternativen Gesamtfahrzeugkonzepten. In: 22nd CAD-FEM User’s Meeting - Int. Congress on FEM Techn., Dresden

  • Yang RJ, Gu L, Tho CH, Sobieski J (2001) Multi-disciplinary optimization of a full vehicle with high performance computing. In: Conf. of the American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, pp 688–698, aIAA Paper No. AIAA- 2001-1273

  • Yang RJ, Gu L, Fu Y, Tho CH (2003) Experience with sequential stochastic design improvement methods. In: Bathe KJ (ed) 2nd M.I.T. Conf. on Comput. Fluid and Solid Mech., Elsevier, Oxford, pp 2409–2411

    Google Scholar 

  • Youn BD, Choi KK (2004) A new response surface methodology for reliability-based design optimization. Comput Struct 82:241–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Youn BD, Choi KK, Yang RJ, Gu L (2004) Reliability-based design optimization for crashworthiness of vehicle side impact. Struct Multidisc Optim 26:272–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmer H, Prabhuwaingankar M (2005) Implicitly parametric crash and NVH analysis models in the vehicle concept design phase. In: 4th LS-DYNA Anwenderforum, Bamberg, Germany, pp 61–69

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK

    Fabian Duddeck

Authors
  1. Fabian Duddeck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fabian Duddeck.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Duddeck, F. Multidisciplinary optimization of car bodies. Struct Multidisc Optim 35, 375–389 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-007-0130-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-007-0130-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation