Skip to main content
Log in

Patellofemorale Instabilität

Achsen- und Torsionskorrekturen

Patellofemoral instability

Angular and torsional corrections

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Arthroskopie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Für die Behandlung der Patellaluxation wurden in der Vergangenheit multiple Behandlungskonzepte beschrieben. Beim undifferenzierten operativen Vorgehen kommt es zu hohen Reluxationsraten. Durch Berücksichtigung der entsprechenden Pathologien können die Reluxationsraten deutlich reduziert und das klinische Outcome verbessert werden. Der Therapiealgorithmus sollte deshalb die Entitäten Patellainstabilität, Patellamaltracking und Verlust des Patellatrackings unterscheiden, um ein individuelles, der Pathologie angepasstes Therapieregime einleiten zu können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird speziell auf Achsen- und Torsionsdeformitäten als Ursachen für das Patellamaltracking eingegangen. Dabei spielen jeweils das Genu valgum, die Innentorsionsdeformität des Femurs bzw. die Außentorsionsdeformität der Tibia eine wichtige Rolle. Neben einem Literaturüberblick über Achsenabweichungen und Torsionsdeformitäten als Ursache für das Patellamaltracking wird auch das Krankheitsbild des „inwardly pointing knee“ dargestellt und mit Fallbeispielen untermauert. Bei entsprechender Indikationsstellung und technisch korrekter Ausführung der spezifischen Osteotomien zur Wiederherstellung physiologischer Achsen- und Torsionsverhältnisse werden in der Literatur gute Ergebnisse mit niedrigen Komplikationsraten präsentiert.

Abstract

Multiple treatment concepts for patella dislocations have been described in the past. Redislocation rates are high if undifferentiated therapies are applied. Redislocation rates can be significantly reduced and clinical outcome improved, if underlying pathologies are respected. Entities such as patella instability, patella maltracking and loss of patellar tracking should thus be differentiated, to create an individualised treatment algorithm adapted to the patient’s pathology. The current review focuses on angular and torsional deformities of the leg as causes of patella maltracking. In this context, genu valgum, internal torsion of the femur and external torsion of the tibia are important pathologies. Besides an overview of the current literature on pathological knee base lines as causes of patellar maltracking, the clinical entity „inwardly pointing knee“ is also presented and discussed on the basis of case examples. Without exception among reports in the literature, when used to treat the corresponding indication, correct technical application of the specific osteotomy to regain physiological angular and torsional conditions achieves good and excellent clinical results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5
Abb. 6
Abb. 7

Literatur

  1. Ali S, Bhatti A (2007) Arthroscopic proximal realignment of the patella for recurrent instability: report of a new surgical technique with 1–7 years of follow-up. Arthroscopy 23:305–311

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Amis AA, Senavongse W, Bull AM (2006) Patellofemoral kinematics during knee flexion-extension: an in vitro study. J Orthop Res 24(12):2201–2211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Balcarek P, Oberthür S, Hopfensitz S, Frosch S, Walde TA, Wachowski MM, Schüttrumpf JP, Stürmer KM (2014) Which patellae are likely to redislocate? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 22(10):2308–2314

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Banke IJ, Kohn LM, Meidinger G, Otto A, Hensler D, Beitzel K, Imhoff AB, Schöttle PB (2014) Combined trochleoplasty and MPFL reconstruction for treatment of chronic patellofemoral instability: a prospective minimum 2-year follow-up study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 22(11):2591–2598

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bruce WD, Stevens PM (2004) Surgical correction of miserable malalignment syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 24(4):392–396

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Caton JH, Dejour D (2010) Tibial tubercle osteotomy in patellofemoral instability and in patellar height abnormality. Int Orthop 34:305–309

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Christiansen SE, Jakobsen BW, Lund B, Lind M (2008) Isolated repair of the medial patellofemoral ligament in primary dislocation of the patella: a prospective randomized study. Arthroscopy 24(8):881–887

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cooke TD et al (1990) The inwardly pointing knee. An unrecognized problem of external rotational malalignment. Clin Orthop Relat Res (260):56–60

    Google Scholar 

  9. Dickschas J, Harrer J, Pfefferkorn R, Strecker W (2012) Operative treatment of patellofemoral maltracking with torsional osteotomy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 132(3):289–298

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Drexler M, Dwyer T, Dolkart O, Goldstein Y, Steinberg EL, Chakravertty R, Cameron JC (2014) Tibial rotational osteotomy and distal tuberosity transfer for patella subluxation secondary to excessive external tibial torsion: surgical technique and clinical outcome. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 22(11):2682–2689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Feller JA, Amis AA, Andrisch JT et al (2007) Current concepts: surgical biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint. Arthroscopy 5:542–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Felson DT, Niu J, Gross KD, Englund M, Sharma L, Cooke TD, Guermazi A, Roemer FW, Segal N, Goggins JM, Lewis CE, Eaton C, Nevitt MC (2013) Valgus malalignment is a risk factor for lateral knee osteoarthritis incidence and progression: findings from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Arthritis Rheum 65(2):355–362

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Frosch KH, Akoto R, Schmeling A (2014) Patella dislocation in athletes. Chirurg 85(10):879–887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Frosch S, Balcarek P, Walde TA, Schüttrumpf JP, Wachowski MM, Ferleman KG, Stürmer KM, Frosch KH (2011) The treatment of patellar dislocation: a systematic review. Z Orthop Unfall 149(6):630–645

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Howells NR, Barnett AJ, Ahearn N, Ansari A, Eldridge JD (2012) Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a prospective outcome assessment of a large single centre series. J Bone Joint Surg Br 94:1202–1208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kitta Y, Niki Y, Udagawa K, Enomoto H, Toyama Y, Suda Y (2014) Severe valgus deformity of the knee with permanent patellar dislocation associated with melorheostosis: A case report and review of the literature. Knee 21(2):589–593

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kwon JH, Kim JI, Seo DH, Kang KW, Nam JH, Nha KW (2013) Patellar dislocation with genu valgum treated by DFO. Orthopedics 36(6):840–843

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Matsushita T, Kuroda R, Araki D, Kubo S, Matsumoto T, Kurosaka M (2013) Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with lateral soft tissue release in adult patients with habitual patellar dislocation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 21:726–730

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. McWalter EJ, Cibere J, MacIntyre NJ, Nicolaou S, Schulzer M, Wilson DR (2007) Relationship between varus-valgus alignment and patellar kinematics in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89(12):2723–2731

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Nelitz M, Dreyhaupt J, Lippacher S (2013) Combined trochleoplasty and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocations in sereve trochlear dysplasia: a minimum 2-year follow-up study. Am J Sports Med 41(5):1005–1012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nelitz M, Wehner T, Steiner M, Dürselen L, Lippacher S (2014) The effects of femoral external derotational osteotomy on frontal plane alignment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 22(11):2740–2746

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Palmu S, Kallio PE, Donell ST, Helenius I, Nietosvaara Y (2008) Acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90(3):463–470

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Purushothaman B, Agarwal A, Dawson M (2012) Posttraumatic chronic patellar dislocation treated by distal femoral osteotomy and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Orthopedics 35(11):e1668–e1672

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Server F, Miralles RC, Garcia E, Soler JM (1996) Medial rotational tibial osteotomy for patellar instability secondary to lateral tibial torsion. Int Orthop 20(3):153–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Strecker W et al (1997) Length and torsion of the lower limb. J Bone Joint Surg Br 79(6):1019–1023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Schneider HA, Strecker W, Schneider E (1992) Computed tomographic torsion-angle and length measurement of the lower extremity. The methods, normal values and radiation load. Rofo 157(3):245–251

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhao J, Huangfu X, He Y (2012) The role of medial retinaculum plication versus medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in combined procedures for recurrent patellar instability in adults. Am J Sports Med 40:1355–1364

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K.-H. Frosch.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

K.-H. Frosch, R. Akoto, M. Heitmann und A. Preiss geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Additional information

Redaktion

F. Dirisamer, Linz-Puchenau

A. Schmeling, Berlin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Frosch, KH., Akoto, R., Heitmann, M. et al. Patellofemorale Instabilität. Arthroskopie 28, 194–201 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-015-0020-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-015-0020-7

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation