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Pathologien des Sternoklavikulargelenks und deren Therapiemöglichkeiten

Pathologies of the sternoclavicular joint and therapy options

  • Leitthema
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Arthroskopie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Bei der Erstluxation des Sternoklavikular- (SC-)Gelenks wird ein geschlossener Repositionsversuch unternommen. Nach der technisch einfachen Reposition einer vorderen Luxation kommt es häufig zur Reluxation, die zunächst konservativ behandelt wird. Bei der hinteren Luxation ist die geschlossene Reposition schwierig. Scheitert sie, muss das Gelenk offen rekonstruiert werden. Dies ist wegen der Nähe des Mediastinums gefährlich! Sind jüngere Patienten betroffen, handelt es sich bei allen Luxationsformen häufig um Epiphysenfrakturen. Bei symptomatischen chronischen Luxationen wird das SC-Gelenk offen reponiert und mit einem Sehnentransplantat stabilisiert. Atraumatische Instabilitätsformen jüngerer Patienten werden keinesfalls operiert.

Liegt eine primäre Arthrose des SC-Gelenks vor, kann das mediale Ende der Klavikula reseziert werden; bei posttraumatischen Arthrosen muss zusätzlich eine Stabilisierung an die erste Rippe erfolgen.

Die Arthritiden des SC-Gelenks resultieren aus einer Fülle chronisch-entzündlicher Erkrankungen. Sie werden wie die postmenopausale Arthritis konservativ behandelt. Das Empyem ist gefährlich, weil es zu einer vorderen Mediastinitis führen kann, und muss frühzeitig entlastet werden.

Abstract

In cases of a dislocated sternoclavicular (SC) joint, closed reduction is attempted. This is easy for an anterior dislocation but recurrent dislocation occurs quite often. In this case conservative treatment is the first choice. Closed reduction is difficult for a posterior dislocation and if it not successful the joint has to be reopened but this is dangerous due to the vicinity of the mediastinum. In younger patients dislocations are frequently fractures of the epiphyseal plate. Chronic dislocations which cause pain are treated by open reduction and stabilization with a tendon graft. Non-traumatic instability of the SC joint in younger patients is always treated conservatively.

In primary osteoarthritis of the SC joint the medial clavicle may be shortened. In posttraumatic cases the clavicle has to be additionally fixed to the first rib.

Arthritis of the SC joint results from a wide variety of chronic inflammatory diseases which like postmenopausal arthritis are treated conservatively. Septic arthritis is a dangerous condition as it may result in mediastinitis, therefore the joint should be surgically treated as early as possible.

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Wiedemann, E., Biberthaler, P. Pathologien des Sternoklavikulargelenks und deren Therapiemöglichkeiten. Arthroskopie 23, 265–272 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-010-0581-4

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