Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein plasma concentrations in nonseptic uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis

  • Original
  • Published:
Intensive Care Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To assess procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentrations and clearance in nonseptic end-stage renal failure patients undergoing their first three hemodialysis sessions.

Design and setting

Prospective observational consecutive clinical study at a university hospital.

Patients

The study recruited 55 end-stage renal failure patients without evidence of systemic infection undergoing the creation of an arteriovenous fistula to start hemodialysis for the first time.

Interventions

Blood samples were collected before and after each of the first three (4–5 h) hemodialysis sessions. PCT was assayed by immunoluminometry.

Measurements and results

The mean plasma concentration of PCT prior to the first three hemodialysis sessions declined significantly following each session. There was no significant difference between CRP plasma concentrations before and after hemodialysis sessions.

Conclusions

The presence of an elevated PCT in plasma of not yet dialyzed uremic nonseptic patients indicates that uremia per se and not the dialysis process is the origin of such elevation. PCT levels declined with successive hemodialysis sessions. We propose that in the not yet dialyzed uremic nonseptic patients a baseline PCT level of approx. 1.5 ng/ml should be expected. Although the mean plasma CRP level was elevated, hemodialysis had no significant effect on CRP concentration, making CRP a possible useful marker of sepsis in these patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. European Renal Association European-Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) report on management of renal failure in Europe (1995) Causes of death. Nephrol Dial Transplant 10 [Suppl 5]:11–12

  2. Baily JL, Mitch WE (2000) Hemodialysis. In: Brenner BM (ed) The kidney. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 2373–2453

  3. Hakim RM, Lowrie EG (1982) Hemodialysis-associated neutropenia and hypoxemia: the effect of dialyzer membrane materials. Nephron 32:32–39

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Le Moullec JM, Jullienne A, Chenais J, Lasmolas F, Guilana JM, Milhaud G, Moukhtar MS (1984) The complete sequence of human preprocalcitonin. FEBS Lett 167:93–97

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Assicot M, Gendrel D, Carsin H, Raymond J, Guilbaud J, Bohuon C (1993) High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection. Lancet 341:515–518

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Nylen ES, Whang KT, Snider RH Jr, Steinwald PM, White JC, Becker KL (1998) Mortality is increased by procalcitonin and decreased by an antiserum reactive to procalcitonin in experimental sepsis. Crit Care Med 26:1001–1006

    Google Scholar 

  7. Jacobs JW, Lund PK, Potts JT Jr, Bell NH, Habener JF (1981) Procalcitonin is a glycoprotein. J Biol Chem 256:2803–2807

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Owen WF, Lowrie EG (1998) C-reactive protein as an outcome predictor for maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 54:627–636

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Schmidt M, Burchardi C, Sitter T, Held E, Schiffl H (2000) Procalcitonin in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Nephron 84:187–188

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Moher D, Schultz KF, Altman DG, for the CONSORT group (2001) The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials. Lancet 357:1191–1194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 20:864–874

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative clinical practice guidelines for hemodialysis adequacy (1997) National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative Am J Kidney Dis 30 [4 Suppl 3]:S15–S66

  13. Bergstroem J, Wehle B (1987) No change in corrected β2-microglobulin concentration after curophane haemodialysis. Lancet I:628–629

    Google Scholar 

  14. De Vriese AS, Colardyn FA, Philippe JJ, Vanholder RC, De Sutter JH, Lameire NH (1999) Cytokine removal during continuous hemofiltration in septic patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:846–853

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Eberhard OK, Haubitz M, Brunkhorst FM, Kliem V, Koch KM, Brunkhorst R (1997) Usefulness of Procalcitonin for differentiation between activity of systemic autoimmune disease (systemic lupus erythematosus /systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis) and invasive bacterial infection. Arthritis Rheum 40:1250–1256

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Al-Nawas B, Krammer I, Shah PM (1996) Procalcitonin in diagnosis of severe infections. Eur J Med Res 1:331–333

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Herbelin A, Urena P, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J, Descamps-Latscha B (1991) Elevated circulating levels of interleukin-6 in patients with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 39:954–960

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Herbelin A, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J, Urena P, Descamps-Latscha B (1990) Influence of uremia and hemodialysis on circulating interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor α. Kidney Int 37:116–125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bone RC (1991) The pathogenesis of sepsis. Ann Intern Med 115:457–469

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Monneret G, Laroche B, Bienvenu J (1999) Procalcitonin is not produced by circulating blood cells. Infection 27:34–35

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nijsten MW, Olinga P, The TH, de Vries EG, Koops HS, Groothuis GM, Limburg PC, ten Duis HJ, Moshage H, Hoekstra HJ, Bijzet J, Zwaveling JH (2000) Procalcitonin behaves as a fast responding acute phase protein in vivo and in vitro. Crit Care Med 28:458–461

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hakim RM (1993) Clinical implications of hemodialysis membrane biocompatibility. Kidney Int 44:484–494

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Dandona P, Nix D, Wilson MF, Aljada A, Love J, Assicot M, Bohuon C (1994) Procalcitonin increases after endotoxin injection in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:1605–1608

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Meisner M, Lohs T, Huettemann E, Schmidt J, Hueller M, Reinhart K (2001) The plasma elimination rate and urinary secretion of procalcitonin in patients with normal and impaired renal function. Eur J Anaesthesiol 18:79–87

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Zimmermann J, Herrlinger S, Pruy A, Metzger T, Wanner C (1999) Inflammation enhances cardiovascular risk and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 55:648–658

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Herget-Rosenthal S, Marggraf G, Pietruck F, Huessing J, Strupat M, Philipp T, Kribben A (2001) Procalcitonin for accurate detection of infection in haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16:975–979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Dahaba AA, El-Awady GA, Rehak PH, List WF (2002) Procalcitonin and proinflammatory cytokines clearance during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in septic patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 30:269–274

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Meisner M, Huettemann E, Lohs T, Kasakov L, Reinhart K (2001). Plasma concentrations and clearance of procalcitonin during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration in septic patients. Shock 15:171–175

    Google Scholar 

  29. Meisner M, Huettemann E, Lohs T, Kasakov L, Reinhart K (2001). Elimination of procalcitonin and plasma concentrations during continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration in septic patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 17:665–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Karl Franzens University, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036, Graz, Austria

    Ashraf A. Dahaba & Werner F. List

  2. Department of Surgery, Biomedical Engineering and Computing Unit, Karl Franzens University, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036, Graz, Austria

    Peter H. Rehak

Authors
  1. Ashraf A. Dahaba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter H. Rehak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Werner F. List
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ashraf A. Dahaba.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dahaba, A.A., Rehak, P.H. & List, W.F. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein plasma concentrations in nonseptic uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. Intensive Care Med 29, 579–583 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-003-1664-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-003-1664-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation