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„Ligament balancing“ bei Varusgonarthrose

Ligament balancing and varus deformity in total knee arthroplasty

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Zusammenfassung

Ein ausgeglichenes Weichteilmanagement von Kapsel-Band-Strukturen in Übereinstimmung mit korrekten knöchernen Resektionen stellt bei der fortgeschrittenen Varusgonarthrose einen wesentlichen operationstechnischen Schritt zur Vermeidung ligamentärer Instabilität als häufigste Ursache für Revisionseingriffe von bikondylären Oberflächenersatzendoprothesen nach einer mittleren Standzeit von 10 Jahren dar. Das Ziel der Implantation besteht in einer Korrektur der mechanischen Beinachse und einer ausgeglichenen Seitenbandfunktion über den gesamten Bewegungsumfang in Streckung und Beugung.

Da intraoperative Weichteilbalancierungsmethoden nur im Kontext mit der jeweils verwendeten Operationstechnik sinnvoll kritisch betrachtet werden können, werden in diesem Artikel neben präoperativen Deformitäten und damit verbundenen funktionellen Defiziten auch grundsätzlich angewendete Operationstechniken beschrieben, ebenso wie eine Empfehlung zur Durchführung eines schrittweisen Weichteilmanagements bei kombinierter Varusdeformität mit Streck-/oder Beugekontrakturen.

Abstract

Coordinated bone resection and ligament balancing techniques represent prerequisites for long-term success in bicondylar total knee arthroplasty to correct mechanical leg axis and create a stable and balanced prosthesis over the entire range of motion. This review summarizes current ligament balancing techniques in knee arthroplasty to correct varus deformities.

As ligament balancing techniques can only be discussed in the context of the principal surgical implantation technique and preoperative deformity, this review article defines evidence-based goals of correct implantation in knee arthroplasty, followed by a description of preoperative deformities and functional deficits of varus knees and their implications for soft tissue management. Then, principal implantation techniques in knee arthroplasty are illustrated and surgical techniques for successful ligament balancing are explained. Finally, evidence of current ligament balancing techniques is critically discussed.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehung hin: Referententätigkeit für DePuy Orthopädie GmbH, Kirkel-Limbach.

Trotz des möglichen Interessenkonflikts ist der Beitrag unabhängig und produktneutral.

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Correspondence to A. Claus.

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Claus, A., Scharf, HP. „Ligament balancing“ bei Varusgonarthrose. Orthopäde 36, 643–649 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-007-1111-6

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