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Toxic and Essential Element Concentrations in Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica) from the Sierra Nevada Natural Park (Spain): Reference Intervals in Whole Blood

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Abstract

Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) blood samples from the Sierra Nevada Natural Park (Spain) were analyzed to establish concentrations of toxic and essential elements. Samples (whole blood from 32 males and 34 females) were taken from wild animals and the concentrations of inorganic elements considered as (1) non-essential and toxic (Pb, Cd and As), (2) essential but potentially toxic (Cu, Zn and Mn) and (3) occasionally beneficial (B, Cr, Al and Ni), as well as (4) essential minerals (Ca, Na, K, P, Mg, S, Co and Fe), were analyzed. The low concentration of Pb and Cd indicated that there is no heavy metal contamination in this geographical area for these elements. The concentration of elements in this ibex population was defined for different genders and ages. Significant differences between genders were only found for Mg and Cu, while significant differences in concentrations of Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, P, S and Zn were found between ages.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are very grateful to A. Sánchez, J. López, I. Puga, E. Martínez, M. Cárdenas, F. Casado, A. Rodríguez and the staff of Sierra Nevada National Park, who made the capture of the animals and the collection of blood samples possible. Thanks are also due to F. San Nicolás for the processing of the samples. The research activities were partially funded by the Junta de Andalucía, Plan Andaluz de Investigación (RNM-118 group). The activities included in this work comply with Spanish laws regarding experimentation and animal welfare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Arián Ráez-Bravo & Diego Romero

  2. Parque Nacional y Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada, Ctra. Antigua de Sierra Nevada Km 7, 18071, Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain

    José Enrique Granados & Francisco Javier Cano-Manuel

  3. Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Gerencia de Granada, 18013, Granada, Spain

    José Enrique Granados & Francisco Javier Cano-Manuel

  4. Estación Biológica de Doñana, Avd. María Luisa s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain

    Ramón C. Soriguer

  5. Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Servicios Centrales, 41013, Seville, Spain

    Paulino Fandos

  6. Dpto. Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain

    Jesús M. Pérez

  7. ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Igor Y. Pavlov

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  1. Arián Ráez-Bravo
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  2. José Enrique Granados
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  3. Francisco Javier Cano-Manuel
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  4. Ramón C. Soriguer
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  5. Paulino Fandos
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  6. Jesús M. Pérez
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  8. Diego Romero
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Correspondence to Diego Romero.

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Ráez-Bravo, A., Granados, J.E., Cano-Manuel, F.J. et al. Toxic and Essential Element Concentrations in Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica) from the Sierra Nevada Natural Park (Spain): Reference Intervals in Whole Blood. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 96, 273–280 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1711-5

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