Abstract
It is unclear whether mercury concentration in wildlife tissues changes appreciably after lengthy frozen storage. To test whether such freezer-archived samples are stable, small (~10–50 μL) avian blood samples stored in capped glass capillary tubes were analyzed for total mercury concentration, and then reanalyzed after being frozen for up to 3 years. Mercury concentrations increased 6% on average over the 3 year period, but time spent frozen explained only 11% of the variation between measurements. This small amount of change suggests that archived blood samples remain useful for at least several years.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brasso RL, Cristol DA (2008) Effects of mercury exposure on the reproductive success of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Ecotoxicology 17:133–141
Condon AM, Cristol DA (2009) Feather growth influences blood mercury level of young songbirds. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:395–401
Cristol DA, Brasso RL, Condon AM, Fovargue RE, Friedman SL, Hallinger KK, Monroe AP, White AE (2008) The movement of aquatic mercury through terrestrial food webs. Science 320:335
De Boer J, Smedes F (1997) Effects of storage conditions of biological materials on the contents of organochloride compounds and mercury. Mar Pollut Bull 35:93–108
Devai I, Delaune RD, Patrick WH Jr, Gambrell RP (2001) Changes in methylmercury concentration during storage: effect of temperature. Org Geochem 32:755–758
Hallinger KK, Cornell KL, Brasso RL, Cristol DA (2010) Mercury exposure and survival in free-living tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Ecotoxicology (currently available online) (In Press)
Horvat M, Byrne AR (1992) Preliminary study of the effects of some physical parameters on the stability of methylmercury in biological samples. Analyst 117:665–668
LaFleur PD (1973) Retention of mercury when freeze-drying biological materials. Anal Chem 45:1534–1536
Liang L, Evens C, Lazoff S, Woods JS, Cernichiari E, Horvat M, Martin MD, DeRouen T (2000) Determination of methyl mercury in whole blood by ethylation-GC-CVAFS after alkaline digestion-solvent extraction. J Anal Toxicol 24:328–332
Parker JL, Bloom NS (2005) Preservation and storage techniques for low-level aqueous mercury speciation. Sci Total Environ 337:253–263
Peterson SA, Peck DV, Van Sickle J, Hughes RM (2007) Mercury concentration in frozen whole-fish homogenates is insensitive to holding time. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 53:411–417
Spěváčková V, Korunová V, Čejchanová M, Vobecký M (2004) Sampling procedure and a radio-indicator study of mercury determination in whole blood by using an AMA 254 atomic absorption spectrometer. Anal Bioanal Chem 380:346–350
United States Environmental Protection Agency (1995) QA/QC guidance for sampling and analysis of sediments, water, and tissues for dredged material evaluations—chemical evaluations. EPA 823/B/95/001. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington
Acknowledgments
We thank the South River Science Team. Funding was provided by E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, The Office of Vice Provost for Research at the College of William and Mary, National Science Foundation Grant UBM 0436318, and the William and Mary Undergraduate Science Education and Research Program sponsored by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Varian-Ramos, C.W., Condon, A.M., Hallinger, K.K. et al. Stability of Mercury Concentrations in Frozen Avian Blood Samples. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 86, 159–162 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-010-0164-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-010-0164-0