Abstract
Introduction
Mental disorders constitute an increasingly important public health problem in the general population. Therefore, investigation of the determinants and state of mental health of those who will be treating patients, that is, future medical doctors, is justified. The paper gives an account of a mental health survey of medical students at a university in Hungary.
Methods
A representative sample of year I–V students (N = 100) filled an anonymous standardized self-administered questionnaire that included demographic and socioeconomic items, mental well-being characterized by a sense of coherence (SOC) and psychological distress, as well as health behaviour. SOC was measured by the 13-item Antonovsky questionnaire and psychological distress was measured by the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ). Models for estimating mental well-being in relation to various determinants were built by backward stepwise regression.
Results
Almost one-fifth of the students scored above the strict threshold on the GHQ indicating notable psychological distress. SOC showed significant positive correlation with perceived health and significant negative correlation with psychological distress. SOC and psychological distress were determined by different sets of explanatory variables in the regression models. Psychological distress and the use of sedative without medical prescription are inversely related to SOC; whereas social support and female gender show positive correlation to SOC according to our estimation. SOC, as expected, was a strong explanatory variable for psychological distress, forecasting an improvement in the GHQ score.
Conclusion
Psychological distress was significantly greater in our sample of Hungarian medical students than in the same age group of the general population. Psychological distress is strongly related to SOC and can be estimated by our proposed models. Both SOC and psychological distress can be used to characterize the mental health of future medical doctors, the improvement of which needs attention even during their training.
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Acknowledgments
The authors express their gratitude to Zsuzsanna Kéky, statistician of the National Centre for Healthcare Audit and Inspection for providing the age-specific data of the National Health Interview Survey of 2003; to Ágota Örkényi of the National Institute of Child Health for information on the analysis of the General Health Questionnaire domain in the National Health Interview Survey of 2003; and to András Keszei for advice on statistical analysis. Funding was provided by the NKFP1-00003/2005 project of the Ministry of Education, Hungary.
Ethical permission
Ethical permission for the study (DEOEC RKEB/IKEB: 2506-2006) was issued by the Commission on Research Ethics of the Medical and Health Science Centre of the University of Debrecen, Hungary.
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Bíró, É., Balajti, I., Ádány, R. et al. Determinants of mental well-being in medical students. Soc Psychiat Epidemiol 45, 253–258 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0062-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0062-0