Abstract
Key message
Heuristic genomic inbreeding controls reduce inbreeding in genomic breeding schemes without reducing genetic gain.
Abstract
Genomic selection is increasingly being implemented in plant breeding programs to accelerate genetic gain of economically important traits. However, it may cause significant loss of genetic diversity when compared with traditional schemes using phenotypic selection. We propose heuristic strategies to control the rate of inbreeding in outbred plants, which can be categorised into three types: controls during mate allocation, during selection, and simultaneous selection and mate allocation. The proposed mate allocation measure GminF allocates two or more parents for mating in mating groups that minimise coancestry using a genomic relationship matrix. Two types of relationship-adjusted genomic breeding values for parent selection candidates (\({{\widetilde{\text{GEBV}}}_{\text{P}}}\)) and potential offspring (\({{\widetilde{\text{GEBV}}}_{\text{O}}}\)) are devised to control inbreeding during selection and even enabling simultaneous selection and mate allocation. These strategies were tested in a case study using a simulated perennial ryegrass breeding scheme. As compared to the genomic selection scheme without controls, all proposed strategies could significantly decrease inbreeding while achieving comparable genetic gain. In particular, the scenario using \({{\widetilde{\text{GEBV}}}_{\text{O}}}\) in simultaneous selection and mate allocation reduced inbreeding to one-third of the original genomic selection scheme. The proposed strategies are readily applicable in any outbred plant breeding program.
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Abbreviations
- GA:
-
Genetic algorithm
- GEBV:
-
Genomic estimated breeding value
- GRM:
-
Genomic relationship matrix
- GS:
-
Genomic selection
- LD:
-
Linkage disequilibrium
- QTL:
-
Quantitative trait loci
- SNP:
-
Single nucleotide polymorphism
- TBV:
-
True breeding value
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge financial support from the Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Victoria, Australia; New Zealand Agriseeds, Christchurch, New Zealand; the Royal Barenbrug Group, the Netherlands; and the Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, and the valuable comments from the editor and the reviewers.
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Communicated by Hiroyoshi Iwata.
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Lin, Z., Shi, F., Hayes, B.J. et al. Mitigation of inbreeding while preserving genetic gain in genomic breeding programs for outbred plants. Theor Appl Genet 130, 969–980 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2863-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2863-y