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Fine mapping and metabolic and physiological characterization of the glume glaucousness inhibitor locus Iw3 derived from wild wheat

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This research provided the first view of metabolic and physiological effect of a tissue-specific glaucousness inhibitor in wheat and laid foundation for map-based cloning of the Iw3 locus.

Abstract

Cuticular wax constitutes the outermost layer of plant skin, and its composition greatly impacts plant appearance and plant–environment interaction. Epicuticular wax in the upper part of adult wheat plants can form the glaucousness, which is associated with drought tolerance. In this research, we characterized a glume-specific glaucousness inhibitor, Iw3, by fine mapping, physiological, and molecular approaches. Iw3 inhibits glaucousness formation by altering wax composition. Compared to the wild type, Iw3 eliminated β-diketone, reduced 47 % primary alcohols, but increased aldehyde 400-fold and alkanes fivefold, which led to 30 % reduction of total glume wax load. Loss of the glaucousness increased cuticle permeability, suggesting an important role in drought sensitivity. Genetically, the glaucousness-inhibiting effect by Iw3 is partially dominant in a dosage-dependent manner. We localized the Iw3 locus within a 0.13-cM interval delimited by marker loci Xpsp3000 and XWL3096. Of the 53 wax genes assayed, we detected transcription changes in nine genes by Iw3, downregulation of Cer4-1 and upregulation of other five Cer4 and three KCS homologs. All these results provided initial insights into Iw3-mediated regulation of wax metabolism and paved way for in-depth characterization of the Iw3 locus and the glaucousness-related β-diketone pathway.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Justin Faris for providing seeds of LDN, LDN-TDIC 1B, and the RSL population. This research is supported by South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (Brookings, SD) and South Dakota Wheat Commission (Pierre, SD). JW’s stay in US is supported by a fellowship from the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwestern A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Jing Wang

  2. Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA

    Jing Wang, Wanlong Li & Wei Wang

  3. Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA

    Wanlong Li

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  1. Jing Wang
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  2. Wanlong Li
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Correspondence to Wanlong Li.

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Communicated by I. D. Godwin.

Electronic supplementary material

Supplementary Table 1s PCR primers used for marker genotyping (DOCX 13 kb)

122_2014_2260_MOESM2_ESM.docx

Supplementary Table 2s Transcription fold changes of cuticular wax-related genes in Iw3-NIL in comparison to iw3-NIL (DOCX 14 kb)

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Wang, J., Li, W. & Wang, W. Fine mapping and metabolic and physiological characterization of the glume glaucousness inhibitor locus Iw3 derived from wild wheat. Theor Appl Genet 127, 831–841 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-014-2260-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-014-2260-8

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