Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Allelic differentiation of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor in wild soybean (Glycine soja)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Theoretical and Applied Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI) has several polymorphic types, which are controlled by co-dominant multiple alleles at a single locus. Of these types, Tia and Tib are predominant types, and there are nine differences in amino acids between Tia and Tib. Recently, an intermediate transitional type (Tib i5) between them was detected. However, other transitional types have not been detected despite surveys of many cultivated and wild soybeans. One of the reasons why other transitional variants have not been found is inferred to be due to the difficulty of the detection of SKTI protein variants by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). To detect novel variants of SKTI, nucleotide sequence analysis in addition to PAGE was carried out. Four new variants were found from many Japanese wild soybeans. Of these variants, three (designated as Tia a1, Tia a2, Tia b1) were detected through gene sequence analysis on wild soybeans having the same electrophoretic mobility as Tia, and one (Tig) was detected through PAGE. The Tig variant showed a slightly lower electrophoretic mobility than Tic. The nucleotide sequences of Tig were identical to those of Tib except for one T → C transitional mutation at position +340. The sequences of Tia a1and Tia a2 genes were identical to those of Tia with the exception of a G → A mutation at position +376 and a T → C mutation at +404, respectively. The sequence of Tia b1 differed from Tia by three nucleotides: C → A at position +331, T → C at +459 and A → G at +484. Of the three nucleotide changes, two were common to Tia b1, Tib i5 and Tib, suggesting that Tia b1 is an intermediate transitional type between Tia and Tib. Our results suggest that Tib type has been differentiated through a series of mutations from Tia before the domestication of cultivated soybean.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abe J, Xu DH, Suzuki Y, Kanazawa A, Shimamoto Y (2003) Soybean germplasm pools in Asia revealed by nuclear SSRs. Theor Appl Genet 106:445–453

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birk Y (1961) Purification and some properties of a high active inhibitor of trypsin and α-chymotrypsin from soybean. Biochem Biophys Acta 54:378–381

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birk Y, Gertler A, Khalef S (1963) A pure trypsin inhibitor from soya beans. J Biochem 87:281–282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christeller JT (2005) Evolutionary mechanisms acting on proteinase inhibitor variability. FEBS J 272:5710–5722

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frattali V, Steiner RF (1968) Soybean inhibitor. 1. Separation and some properties of three inhibitors from commercial crude soybean trypsin. Biochemistry 7:521–531

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita R, Ohara M, Okazaki K, Shimamoto Y (1997) The extent of natural cross-pollination in wild soybean. J Heredity 88:124–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirata T, Abe J, Shimamoto Y (1999) Genetic structure of the Japanese soybean population. Genet Res Crop Evol 46:441–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu ZA, Wang HX (1985) Genetic structure of natural population wild soybean (Glycine soja) on the Beijing region. Acta Bot Sin 27:599–604

    Google Scholar 

  • Hymowitz T (1973) Electrophoretic analysis of SBTI-A2 in the USDA soybean germplasm collection. Crop Sci 13:420–421

    Google Scholar 

  • Hymowitz T, Hadley HH (1972) Inheritance of a trypsin inhibitor variant in seed protein of soybean. Crop Sci 12:197–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hymowitz T, Kaizuma N (1979) Dissemination of soybean (Glycine max):seed protein electrophoresis profiles among Japanese cultivars. Econ Bot 33:311–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Hymowitz T, Kaizuma N (1981) Soybean seed protein electrophoresis profiles from 15 Asian countries or regions: hypotheses on paths of dissemination of soybean from China. Econ Bot 35:10–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jofuku KD, Schipper RD, Goldberg RB (1989) A frameshift mutation prevents Kunitz trypsin inhibitor mRNA accumulation in soybean embryos. Plant Cell 1:427–435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaizuma N, Oikawa K, Miura M (1980) Consideration on the cause of the differential Ti alleles frequency distributions found among some regional populations of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) land varieties. J Fac Agric Iwate Univ 15:81–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiang YT, Chang YC, Kaizuma N (1992) Genetic diversity in natural population of wild soybean in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. J Heredity 83:325–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim SH, Hara S, Hase S, Ikenaka T, Tode H, Kitamura K, Kaizuma N (1985) Comparative study on amino acid sequence of Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitors, Tia, Tib, and Tic. J Biochem 19:435–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Tamura K, Jakobsen IB, Nei M (2001) MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Bioinformatics 17:1244–1245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SI, Lee SH, Koo JC, Chun HJ, Lim CO, Mun JH, Song YH, Cho MJ (1999) Soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI) confers resistance to the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) in transgenic rice. Mol Breed 5:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li FS (1993) Studies on the ecological and geographical distribution of the Chinese resources of wild soybean (G. soja). Sci Agri Sin 26:47–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti S, Delledonne M, Fogher C, Chiaba C, Chiesa F, Savazzini F, Giordano A (2000) Soybean Kunitz, C-II and PI-IV inhibitor genes confer different levels of insect resistance to tobacco and potato transgenic plants. Theor Appl Genet 101:519–526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orf JH, Hymowitz T (1979) Inheritance of the absence of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor in seed protein of soybeans. Crop Sci 19:107–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rachis JJ, Anderson RL (1964) Isolation of four soybean trypsin inhibitors by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 15:230–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh LC, Wilson M, Hadley HH (1969) Genetic differences in soybean trypsin inhibitor separated by disc electrophoresis. Crop Sci 9:489–491

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song SI, Kim CH, Baek SJ, Choi YD (1993) Nucleotide sequences of cDNAs encoding the precursors for soybean (Glycine max) trypsin inhibitors (Kunitz type). Plant Physiol 101:1401–1402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tian QZ, Gai JY, Yu DY, Jia JZ (2000) A study on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in soybean. Soybean Sci 19:210–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Tozuka A, Fukushi H, Hirata T, Ohara M, Kanazawa A, Mikami T, Abe J, Shimamoto Y (1998) Composite and clinal distribution of Glycine soja in Japan revealed by RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Theor Appl Genet 96:170–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang KJ, Kaizuma N, Takahata Y, Hatakeyama S (1996) Detection of two new variants of soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor through electrophoresis. Breed Sci 46:39–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang KJ, Kaizuma N, Takahata Y (1998) The polymorphism and geographic distributions of four seed proteins and two traits in Japanese natural populations of wild soybean (Glycine soja). Acta Agron Sinica 24:147–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang KJ, Takahata Y, Ito K, Zhao YP, Tsutsumi KI, Kaizuma N (2001) Genetic characterization of a novel soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Breed Sci 51:185–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang KJ, Yamashita T, Watanabe M, Takahata Y (2004) Genetic characterization of a novel Tib-derived variant of soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor detected in wild soybean (Glycine soja). Genome 47:9–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang KJ, Li XH (2005) Tif type of soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor exists in wild soybean of northern China. Proceedings of the 8th national soybean research conference of China, pp 167–168

  • Wang KJ, Takahata Y, Shimada S, Kaizuma N (2005) Entity evidence for differentiation between Tia and Tib types of soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor: Detection of a novel transitional variant types between Tia and Tib in wild soybean (Glycine soja). Theor Appl Genet 112:67–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Xin H, Xie KF, Dong AW, Yan QY, Gu QM (1999) The amino acid sequence determination of a new variant of Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTi-A2). Soybean Genetics Newsletter (online journal) www.soygenetics.org/articles/sgn 1999–004.html (posted 24 March 1999)

  • Xu B, Zhao SW, Zou SH, Zhen HY, Hu A, Wang HX (1985) Seed protein electrophoresis profiles of wild soybean (G. soja) in China:The frequencies and geographical distribution of Ti and Sp1 alleles and the hypothesis on the original area of soybean. Soybean Sci 4:7–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu DH, Abe J, Gai Y, Shimamoto Y (2002) Diversity of chloroplast DNA SSRs in wild and cultivated soybeans:evidence for multiple origins of cultivated soybean. Thore Appl Genet 105:645–653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto M, Ikenaka T (1967) Studies on soybean trypsin inhibitors. Purification and characterization of two soybean trypsin inhibitors. J Biochem 62:141–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu H, Kiang YT (1993) Genetic variation in South Korean natural populations of wild soybean (Glycine soja). Euphytica 68:213–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao SW, Wang H (1992) A new electrophoretic variant of SBTi-A2 in soybean seed protein. Soyb Genet Newsl 19:22–24

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

W. K. was financially supported by a Postodoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researchers from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan

    K. J. Wang, Y. Takahata & N. Kaizuma

  2. The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    K. J. Wang

  3. Soybean Breeding, Research Subteam (Tohoku Region), National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Kariwano, 019-2112, Akita, Japan

    Y. Kono

Authors
  1. K. J. Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Y. Takahata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Y. Kono
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. Kaizuma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Y. Takahata.

Additional information

Communicated by A. Bervillé.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, K.J., Takahata, Y., Kono, Y. et al. Allelic differentiation of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor in wild soybean (Glycine soja). Theor Appl Genet 117, 565–573 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0800-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0800-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation