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A LTR copia retrotransposon and Mutator transposons interrupt Pgip genes in cultivated and wild wheats

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Abstract

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins involved in plant defence. Wheat pgip genes have been isolated from the B (Tapgip1) and D (Tapgip2) genomes, and now we report the identification of pgip genes from the A genomes of wild and cultivated wheats. By Southern blots and sequence analysis of BAC clones we demonstrated that wheat contains a single copy pgip gene per genome and the one from the A genome, pgip3, is inactivated by the insertion of a long terminal repeat copia retrotranspon within the fourth LRR. We demonstrated also that this retrotransposon insertion is present in Triticum urartu and all the polyploidy wheats assayed, but is absent in T. monococcum (Tmpgip3), suggesting that this insertion took place after the divergence between T. monococcum and T. urartu, but before the formation of the polyploid wheats. We identified also two independent insertion events of new Class II transposable elements, Vacuna, belonging to the Mutator superfamily, that interrupted the Tdipgip1 gene of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. The occurrence of these transposons within the coding region of Tdipgip1 facilitated the mapping of the Pgip locus in the pericentric region of the short arm of chromosome group 7. We speculate that the inactivation of pgip genes are tolerated because of redundancy of PGIP activities in the wheat genome.

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Acknowledgments

Research supported by MIUR [Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; grants PRIN (Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale) 2005 and FISR (Fondo Integrativo Speciale per la Ricerca) 2005–2008]. We thank Profs. Domenico Lafiandra and Mario Augusto Pagnotta (Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy) for providing seeds of some wheat accessions and cultivars and Dr. Thomas Wicker for assistance in estimating the insertion date of transposon.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, s.n.c, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

    Michela Di Giovanni, Michela Janni & Renato D’Ovidio

  2. UMR Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées, Montpellier SupAgro – INRA – IRD – UMII, 2, Place Pierre Viala, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 1, France

    Alberto Cenci

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  1. Michela Di Giovanni
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  2. Alberto Cenci
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  3. Michela Janni
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  4. Renato D’Ovidio
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Correspondence to Renato D’Ovidio.

Additional information

Communicated by P. Langridge.

Electronic supplementary material

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122_2008_719_MOESM1_ESM.doc

Table S1. Species analyzed and their accession number: PI, National Small Grains Collection, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, USA; MG, Istituto del Germoplasma, CNR, Bari, Italy; AW and ATRI, Zentralinstitut fur Genetik und kulturplanzen forschung, Gatersleben, Germany; ICWT, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA); ID, Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, Lodi, Italy. Genotypes with different code were from researchers (see acknowledgements).(DOC 39 kb)

122_2008_719_MOESM2_ESM.doc

Table S2. Sequence accessions showing significant similarity with the Vacuna element found within the sixth LRR of the Tdipgip1a of the accession MG4343 of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. (DOC 33 kb)

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Di Giovanni, M., Cenci, A., Janni, M. et al. A LTR copia retrotransposon and Mutator transposons interrupt Pgip genes in cultivated and wild wheats. Theor Appl Genet 116, 859–867 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0719-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0719-1

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