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Dissemination of the highly expressed Bx7 glutenin subunit (Glu-B1al allele) in wheat as revealed by novel PCR markers and RP-HPLC

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Abstract

Increased expression of the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) Bx7 is associated with improved dough strength of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour. Several cultivars and landraces of widely different genetic backgrounds from around the world have now been found to contain this so-called ‘over-expressing’ allelic form of the Bx7 subunit encoded by Glu-B1al. Using three methods of identification, SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC and PCR marker analysis, as well as pedigree information, we have traced the distribution and source of this allele from a Uruguayan landrace, Americano 44D, in the mid-nineteenth century. Results are supported by knowledge of the movement of wheat lines with migrants. All cultivars possessing the Glu-B1al allele can be identified by the following attributes: (1) the elution of the By sub-unit peak before the Dx sub-unit peak by RP-HPLC, (2) high expression levels of Bx7 (>39% Mol% Bx), (3) a 43 bp insertion in the matrix-attachment region (MAR) upstream of the gene promoter relative to Bx7 and an 18 bp nucleotide duplication in the coding region of the gene. Evidence is presented indicating that these 18 and 43 bp sequence insertions are not causal for the high expression levels of Bx7 as they were also found to be present in a small number of hexaploid species, including Chinese Spring, and species expressing Glu-B1ak and Glu-B1a alleles. In addition, these sequence inserts were found in different isolates of the tetraploid wheat, T. turgidum, indicating that these insertion/deletion events occurred prior to hexaploidization.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. M. Feldman and Dr. O. Lukow for providing some of the material for this study. We thank Lynnette Rampling for her excellent technical assistance and Dr. Lindsay O’Brien and Dr. David Bonnet for informative discussions. Initial discussions with Dr. Matthew Morell and Dr. Frank Bekes are also gratefully acknowledged. This work was carried out as part of the Graingene research program; Graingene is a research consortium between Australian Wheat Board Ltd, the CSIRO, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and Syngenta Seeds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    B. J. Butow, K. R. Gale, J. Ikea, A. Juhász & M. C. Gianibelli

  2. Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Plant Physiology, Pázmány P. stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary

    L. Tamás

  3. Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u 2, Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary

    A. Juhász & Z. Bedö

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  1. B. J. Butow
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  2. K. R. Gale
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  3. J. Ikea
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  4. A. Juhász
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  6. L. Tamás
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  7. M. C. Gianibelli
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Correspondence to B. J. Butow.

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Communicated by C. Möllers

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Butow, B.J., Gale, K.R., Ikea, J. et al. Dissemination of the highly expressed Bx7 glutenin subunit (Glu-B1al allele) in wheat as revealed by novel PCR markers and RP-HPLC. Theor Appl Genet 109, 1525–1535 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1776-8

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