Abstract
The rice gene, Xa21, confers resistance to diverse races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and encodes a receptor-like kinase with leucine-rich repeats in the extra-cellular domain. To identify genes essential for the function of the Xa21 gene, 4,500 IRBB21 (Xa21 isogenic line in IR24 background) mutants, induced by diepoxybutane and fast neutrons, were screened against Philippine race six (PR6) Xoo for a change from resistance to susceptibility. From two greenhouse screens, 23 mutants were identified that had changed from resistant to fully (6) or partially (17) susceptible to PR6. All fully susceptible mutants carried rearrangements at the Xa21 locus as detected by PCR and Southern hybridization. For the partially susceptible mutants, no changes were detected at the Xa21 locus based on Southern and PCR analyses. However, two of these mutants were confirmed via genetic analysis to have mutations at the Xa21 locus. Partially susceptible mutants exhibited variation in level of susceptibility to different Xoo strains, suggesting that they may carry different mutations required for the Xa21-mediated resistance. The mutants identified in this study provide useful materials for dissecting the Xa21-mediated resistance pathway in rice.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blair MW, Hedetale V, McCouch SR. (2002) Fluorescent-labeled microsatellite panels useful for detecting allelic diversity in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor Appl Genet 105:449–457
Century KS, Shapiro AD, Repetti PP, Dahlbeck D, Holub E, Staskawicz BJ (1997) NDR1, a pathogen-induced component required for Arabidopsis disease resistance. Science 278:1963–1965
Dellaporta SL, Wood J, Hicks JB (1984) Maize DNA miniprep. In: Russell M (ed) Molecular biology of plants. A laboratory course manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp 36–37
Deslandes L, Olivier J, Peeters N, Feng DX, Khounlotham M, Boucher C, Somssich I, Genin S, Marco Y (2003) Physical interaction between RRS1-R, a protein conferring resistance to bacterial wilt, and PopP2, a type III effector targeted to the plant nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100:8024–8029
Goff SA, Ricke D, Lan TH, Presting G, Wang R, Dunn M, Glazebrook J, Sessions A, Oeller P, Varma H, Hadley D, Hutchison D, Martin C, Katagiri F, Lange BM, Moughamer T, Xia Y, Budworth P, Zhong J, Miguel T, Paszkowski U, Zhang S, Colbert M, Sun WL, Chen L, Cooper B, Park S, Wood TC, Mao L, Quail P, Wing R, Dean R, Yu Y, Zharkikh A, Shen R, Sahasrabudhe S, Thomas A, Cannings R, Gutin A, Pruss D, Reid J, Tavtigian S, Mitchell J, Eldredge G, Scholl T, Miller RM, Bhatnagar S, Adey N, Rubano T, Tusneem N, Robinson R, Feldhaus J, Macalma T, Oliphant A, Briggs S (2002) A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica). Science 296:92–100
Hulbert SH, Webb CA, Smith SM, Sun Q (2001) Resistance gene complexes: evolution and utilization. Annu Rev Phytopathol 39:285–312
Innes RW (1998) Genetic dissection of R gene signal transduction pathways. Curr Opin Plant Biol 1:229–304
Izawa T, Shimamoto K (1998) Ac/Ds as tolls for rice molecular biology. In: Shimamoto K (ed) Molecular biology of rice. Springer, Tokyo, pp 59–76
Jia Y, McAdams SA, Bryan GT, Hershey HP, Valent B (2000) Direct interaction of resistance gene and avirulence gene products confers rice blast resistance. EMBO J 19:4004–4014
Kauffman HE, Reddy APK, Hsieh SPY, Merca SD (1973) An improved technique for evaluating resistance of rice varieties to Xanthomonas oryzae. Plant Dis Rep 57:537–541
Martienssen RA (1998) Functional genomics: probing plant gene function and expression with transposons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:2021–2026
Salmeron JM, Barker SJ, Carland FM, Mehta AY, Staskawicz BJ (1994) Tomato mutants altered in bacterial disease resistance provide evidence for a new locus controlling pathogen recognition. Plant Cell 6:511–520
Salmeron JM, Oldroyd GED, Rommens CMT, Scofield SR, Kim HS, Lavelle DT, Dahlbeck D, Staskawicz BJ (1996) Tomato Prf is a member of the leucine-rich repeat class of disease resistance genes and lies embedded within the Pto kinase gene cluster. Cell 86:123–133
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Shirasu K, Lahaye T, Tan MW, Zhou F, Azevedo C, Schulze-Lefert P (1999) A novel class of eukaryotic zinc-binding proteins is required for disease resistance signaling in barley and development in C. elegans. Cell 12:355–366
Song WY, Wang GL, Chen L, Kim HS, Pi LY, Gardner J, Wang B, Holsten T, ZhaiWX, Zhu LH, Fauquet C, and Ronald PC (1995). A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene Xa21. Science 270:1804–1806
Tang X, Frederick RD, Zhou J, Halterman DA, Jia Y, Martin GB. (1996) Initiation of plant disease resistance by physical interaction of AvrPto and Pto kinase. Science 274:2060–2063
Tu J, Ona I, Zhang Q, Mew TW, Khush GS, Datta SK (1998) Transgenic rice variety “IR72” with Xa21 is resistant to bacterial blight. Theor Appl Genet 97: 31–36
Wang GL, Song W, Ruan D, Sideris S, Ronald PC (1996) The cloned gene, Xa21, confers resistance to multiple Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates in transgenic plants. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 9:850–855
Wang GL, Ruan DL, Song WY, Sideris S, Chen L, Pi L, Whalen MC, Zhang S, Fauquet C, and Ronald PC (1998) The rice disease resistance gene, Xa21D, encodes a receptor-like molecule with a LRR domain that determines race specific recognition and is subject to adaptive evolution. Plant Cell 10:765–780
Williams CE, Ronald PC (1994) PCR template-DNA isolated quickly from monocot and dicot leaves without tissue homogenization. Nucleic Acids Res 22:1917–1918
Yu J, Hu S, Wang J, Wong GK, Li S, Liu B, Deng Y, Dai L, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Cao M, Liu J, Sun J, Tang J, Chen Y, Huang X, Lin W, Ye C, Tong W, Cong L, Geng J, Han Y, Li L, Li W, Hu G, Huang X, Li W, Li J, Liu Z, Li L, Liu J, Qi Q, Liu J, Li L, Li T, Wang X, Lu H, Wu T, Zhu M, Ni P, Han H, Dong W, Ren X, Feng X, Cui P, Li X, Wang H, Xu X, Zhai W, Xu Z, Zhang J, He S, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang K, Zheng X, Dong J, Zeng W, Tao L, Ye J, Tan J, Ren X, Chen X, He J, Liu D, Tian W, Tian C, Xia H, Bao Q, Li G, Gao H, Cao T, Wang J, Zhao W, Li P, Chen W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Hu J, Wang J, Liu S, Yang J, Zhang G, Xiong Y, Li Z, Mao L, Zhou C, Zhu Z, Chen R, Hao B, Zheng W, Chen S, Guo W, Li G, Liu S, Tao M, Wang J, Zhu L, Yuan L, Yang H (2002) A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica). Science 296:79–92
Zhang S, Song W, Chen L, Ruan D, Taylor N, Ronald PC, Beachy R, Fauquet C (1998) Transgenic elite indica rice varieties, resistant to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Mol Breed 4:551–558
Acknowledgements
This work was supported, in part, by a grant from the Rice Biotechnology Program of the Rockefeller Foundation to GLW and HL, a seed grant from OARDC to GLW and a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to GLW and CH (#30028016). We thank the initial contribution of Ning Huang and Susan McCouch in propagating the IRBB21 mutant collection.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by D.J. Mackill
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, G.L., Wu, C., Zeng, L. et al. Isolation and characterization of rice mutants compromised in Xa21-mediated resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae . Theor Appl Genet 108, 379–384 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1452-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1452-4