Skip to main content
Log in

Multimodale Therapien zum Blasenerhalt bei High-grade-Blasentumoren

Multimodal therapy for bladder sparing with high grade bladder tumors

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Urologe Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Der demographische Wandel unserer Gesellschaft mit zunehmend älteren Patienten und deren steigender Komorbidität führt dazu, dass die operative Behandlung des invasiven Harnblasenkarzinoms älterer Patienten zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. Angesichts dieser Entwicklung sollten der Stellenwert und die Indikation konservativer bzw. wenig invasiver Therapieansätze immer wieder neu hinterfragt werden. Die radikale Zystektomie unter kurativer Zielsetzung ist weiterhin Goldstandard der Behandlung des invasiven High-grade-Karzinoms. Jedoch ist nicht jeder Patient hierfür geeignet oder er steht einer solchen Operation ablehnend gegenüber. Aus diesem Grund sollten dieser Gruppe von Patienten alternative Therapieansätze, ob in kurativer oder palliativer Zielsetzung, einschließlich Organ- und Funktionserhalt der Harnblase, angeboten werden können. Hierbei kommen die transurethrale Blasentumorresektion (TUR-B), die offene Blasenteilresektion, die Chemotherapie (intravesikal – systemisch), die lokale Bestrahlung und minimal-invasive interventionelle Therapien allein oder in Kombination in Frage. Ziel ist es, aufgrund einer geringeren physischen und psychischen Belastung v. a. eine schnelle Rekonvaleszenz der Patienten zu erreichen und die Lebensqualität zu erhalten. Aus onkologischer Sicht müssen diese Therapieansätze jedoch kritisch betrachtet werden, da sie vielleicht nur zu einem vorübergehenden Stillstand der Erkrankung oder zur Beseitigung von Symptomen führen. Dennoch zeigen die Langzeitergebnisse, dass einem Teil der Patienten mit einem High-grade-Karzinom der Harnblase bei richtiger Indikation eine Kuration als Ziel einer multimodalen Therapie mit Blasenerhalt in Aussicht gestellt werden kann.

Abstract

The demographic changes of our society, with an increasing number of elderly patients and higher comorbidity, leads to the fact that managing transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in the elderly is becoming increasingly more important. Thus, the value and indication of conservative or less invasive treatment approaches have to be continuously re-evaluated. The gold standard of treatment for invasive high grade TCC is radical cystectomy with curative intent. However, not each and every patient is suitable for this procedure or the operation is rejected. Thus, alternative treatment options (curative or palliative) including bladder sparing approaches should be offered to this group of patients. These include transurethral resection (TUR-B), open partial cystectomy, chemotherapy (intravesical or systemic), local radiation and minimally invasive interventional therapies alone or in combination. A lower physical and mental burden and, more important, a faster convalescence and the maintenance of the quality of life, are the major aims of these strategies. From an oncologic point of view these concepts have to be viewed with caution, since they may only lead to a temporarily stable disease or the elimination of symptoms. However, long-term follow-up demonstrates that with the correct indication for a multi-modal treatment, a subset of patients with high grade TCC of the bladder may be cured when implementing a bladder sparing approach.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2

Literatur

  1. Advanced Bladder Cancer Meta-analysis Collaboration (2003) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 361: 1927–1934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Advanced Bladder Cancer (ABC) Meta-analysis Collaboration (2005) Adjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data Advanced Bladder Bancer (ABC) Meta-analysis Collaboration. Eur Urol 48: 189–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Advanced Bladder Cancer (ABC) Meta-analysis Collaboration (2005) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data Advanced Bladder Cancer (ABC) Meta-Analysis Collaboration. Eur Urol 48: 202–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Advanced Bladder Cancer Overview Collaboration (2005) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 18: CD005246

    Google Scholar 

  5. Coppin CM, Gospodarowicz MK, James K et al. (1996) Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or definitive radiation. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 14: 2901–2907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dunst J, Sauer R, Schrott KM et al. (1994) Organ-sparing treatment of advanced bladder cancer: a 10-year experience. International J Radiat Oncol, Biol, Physics 30: 261–266

    Google Scholar 

  7. Giannakopoulos X, Grammeniatis E, Chambilomatis P, Baltogiannis D (1997) Massive haemorrhage of inoperable bladder carcinoma: treatment by intravesical formalin solution. Int Urol Nephrol 29: 33–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gschwend JE, Dahm P, Fair WR (2002) Disease specific survival as endpoint of outcome for bladder cancer patients following radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 41: 440–448

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hamel MB, Henderson WG, Khuri SF, Daley J (2005) Surgical outcomes for patients aged 80 and older: morbidity and mortality from major noncardiac surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc 53: 424–429

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Henningsohn L, Wijkström H, Dickman PW et al. (2002): Distressful symptoms after radical radiotherapy for urinary bladder cancer. Radiother Oncol 62: 215–225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Henry K, Miller J, Mori M et al. (1988) Comparison of transurethral resection to radical therapies for stage B bladder tumors. J Urol 140: 964–967

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Herr HW (1987) Conservative management of muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer: prospective experience. J Urol 138: 1162–1163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Housset M, Maulard C, Chretien Y et al. (1993) Combined radiation and chemotherapy for invasive transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 11: 2150–2157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kulkarni JN, Pramesh CS, Rathi S, Pantvaidya GH (2003) Long-term results of orthotopic neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy. BJU Int 91: 485–488

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R (2004) Non-invasive urothelial neoplasms: according to themost recent WHO classification. Eur Urol 46: 170–176

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Montironi R, Lopez-Beltran A (2005) The 2004 WHO classification of bladder tumors: a summary and commentary. Int J Surg Pathol 13: 143–153

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Nerli RB, Rddy M, Koura AC et al. (2008) Cystoscopy-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy. J Endourol 22: 83–86

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ostroff EB, Chenault OW (1982) Alum irrigation for the control of massive bladder hemorrhage. J Urol 128: 929–930

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Otto T, Börgermann C, Krege S, Rübben H (2001) Radical cystectomy ± adjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer: A randomized phase III study. J Urol 165: 279

    Google Scholar 

  20. Robert-Koch-Institut (2008) Krebs in Deutschland 2003–2004. Häufigkeiten und Trends. Publikation der Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister e. V. (GEKID) und des Robert Koch-Instituts (RKI)

  21. Rödel C, Grabenbauer GG, Kühn R et al. (2002) Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: long-term results. J Clin Oncol 20: 3061–3071

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Rodel C, Weiss C, Sauer R (2005) Organ preservation by combined modality treatment in bladder cancer: the European perspective. Semin Radiat Oncol 15: 28–35

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. RUTT (Registry of urinary tract tumors) (1985) Harnwegstumorregister. Jahresbericht. Verh Dtsch Ges Urol 37: 665

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sauer R, Birkenhake S, Kuhn R et al. (1998) Efficacy of radiochemotherapy with platin derivatives compared to radiotherapy alone in organ-sparing treatment of bladder cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol, Biol, Physics 40: 121–127

    Google Scholar 

  25. Seitz M, Zaak D, Knüchel-Clarke R, Stief C (2005) Harnblasentumoren. Die neue WHO-Klassifikation – 2004. Urologe 44: 1073–1076

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Shipley WU, Zietman AL, Kaufman DS et al. (2005) Selective bladder preservation by trimodality therapy for patients with muscularis propria-invasive bladder cancer and who are cystectomy candidates – the Massachusetts General Hospital and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group experiences. Semin Radiat Oncol 15: 36–41

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Solsona et al. (1998) Feasibility of transurethral resection for muscle infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder: long-term follow-up of a prospective study. J Urol 159: 95–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R et al. (2001) Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1,054 patients. J Clin Oncol 19: 666–675

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Weiss C, Engehausen DG, Krause FS et al. (2007) Radiochemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-FU after transurethral surgery in patients with bladder cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68: 1072–1080

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P.J. Goebell.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Goebell, P., Legal, W., Weiss, C. et al. Multimodale Therapien zum Blasenerhalt bei High-grade-Blasentumoren. Urologe 47, 838–845 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-008-1715-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-008-1715-4

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation