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Physikalische Wechselwirkungen in der MRT

Einige Daumenregeln zu ihrer Reduktion

Physical interactions in MRI

Some rules of thumb for their reduction

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Zusammenfassung

Die Magnetresonanztomographie ist eines der leistungsfähigsten und zugleich schonendsten klinischen bildgebenden Verfahren der heutigen Zeit. Allerdings bergen ihre enorme physikalische Komplexität, aber auch einfache Unaufmerksamkeiten („Projektileffekt“) ein signifikantes Risikopotenzial in sich und stellen hohe Anforderungen an die MR-Bediener, um einen sicheren Betrieb zu gewährleisten. Ein solides Wissen um die potenziellen MR-Wechselwirkungen ist die Grundlage für einen sicheren und für alle Seiten gewinnbringenden Betrieb.

Der erste Teil der Arbeit behandelt die 3 zentralen Quellen für physikalische Wechselwirkungen in der Magnetresonanztomographie (statisches Magnetfeld, geschaltete Gradienten- und HF-Felder). Es werden für jede Feldart die Auswirkungen auf den Menschen, Wechselwirkungen mit magnetischen und elektrisch leitenden Objekten/Implantaten und relevante Sicherheitsstandards besprochen. Daran angeschlossen ist jeweils ein Abschnitt mit einfachen „Daumenregeln“, um potenziell unerwünschte physikalische MR-Wechselwirkungen zu minimieren.

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful and at the same time gentlest clinical imaging techniques at the present time; however, the enormous physical complexity as well as simple inattentiveness (projectile effect) implicate a significant risk potential and place high demands on the MR operator to ensure a safe workflow. A sound knowledge of the potential MR interactions is the foundation for a safe and profitable operation for all parties.

The first part of this article deals with the three most important sources of physical interaction, i.e. static magnetic field, gradient and high-frequency (HF) fields. The paper discusses the differences between each type of field with respect to the impact on human beings, the interactions with magnetic and electrically conducting objects/implants and the relevant safety standards. Each section is followed by simple rules of thumb to minimize potentially unwanted physical MRI interactions.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. M. Mühlenweg und G. Schaefers weisen auf folgende Beziehung hin: Sie sind Mitglieder im Normenausschuss Radiologie (NAR) in Arbeitsgemeinschaft mit der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft (DRG). S. Trattnig gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Danksagung

Sehr herzlich danken möchten die Autoren den Herren Georg Frese und Hans Engels sowie Frau Nicoline Schubert für ihre kritische Durchsicht der Arbeit.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Radiologie, Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Röntgenstr. 1, 06120, Halle (Saale), Deutschland

    M. Mühlenweg

  2. MR:comp GmbH, Gelsenkirchen, Deutschland

    G. Schaefers

  3. Exzellenzzentrum Hochfeld-Magnetresonanz, Universitätsklinik für Radiodiagnostik, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich

    S. Trattnig

Authors
  1. M. Mühlenweg
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  2. G. Schaefers
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  3. S. Trattnig
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Correspondence to M. Mühlenweg.

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Mühlenweg, M., Schaefers, G. & Trattnig, S. Physikalische Wechselwirkungen in der MRT. Radiologe 55, 638–648 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-015-2812-1

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