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Ergebnisse zementfreier Hüftendoprothetik

Results of cementless hip arthroplasty

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Zusammenfassung

Hüftendoprothesen werden implantiert, wenn der Patient sie, unabhängig vom Alter, braucht. Mehrheitlich kommen rechteckige Geradschäfte zementfrei zur Anwendung. Sie gewährleisten eine primär stabile Verankerung durch Press-Fitt-Implantation in ein präzise geraspeltes knöchernes Bett und sekundäre Stabilisierung durch Anwachsen von Knochen auf der mikrorauen Oberfläche der biokompatiblen Titanlegierung. Die Zehnjahresüberlebensraten für solche Prothesen beträgt 92%. Typische Röntgenzeichen sind proximale kortikale Atrophie und Säume in den Gruen-Zonen 1 und 7, die aber kein Zeichen der Lockerung darstellen. Der häufigste Grund für Revisionsoperationen ist der Polyethylenabrieb und daraus resultierende Osteolysen. Moderne Gleitpaarungen wie Metall/Metall und Keramik/Keramik haben deutlich weniger Abrieb, das Problem der Osteolysen ist aber nicht gelöst.

Abstract

Hip arthroplasty is performed nowadays according to the needs of the patients irrespective of their age. Tapered rectangular stems for cementless fixation are chosen in most cases in central Europe. They provide primary stability by press-fit implantation into a precisely rasped osseous bed and secondary stability by bone ingrowth into the highly biocompatible titanium alloy with a microrough surface. The 10-year survival of such devices is 92%. Typical radiographic patterns include cortical atrophy and radiolucent lines in Gruen zones 1 and 7. They are due to stress shielding with these distally fixed implants. The number one reason for revision is polyethylene wear and subsequent osteolysis. Metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-ceramic bearings show less wear but osteolysis continues to be a problem.

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Der Autor ist Berater der Firma Zimmer GmbH, Winterthur.

Trotz des möglichen Interessenkonflikts ist der Beitrag unabhängig und produktneutral.

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Grübl, A. Ergebnisse zementfreier Hüftendoprothetik. Radiologe 46, 779–784 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-006-1357-8

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