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Zehn Jahre funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie in der Schizophrenieforschung

Von der Abbildung einfacher Informationsverarbeitungsprozesse zur molekulargenetisch orientierten Bildgebung

One decade of functional imaging in schizophrenia research

From visualisation of basic information processing steps to molecular brain imaging

  • Funktionelle Bildgebung in der Psychiatrie
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Zusammenfassung

Bildgebende Verfahren wie die Magnetresonanz- und Positronenemissionstomographie haben entscheidend dazu beigetragen, dass psychiatrische Erkrankungen heutzutage im Kontext funktioneller, biochemischer und feinstruktureller Veränderungen des Gehirns verstanden werden. Im Bereich der Schizophrenieforschung gibt insbesondere die funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie seit Mitte der 90er-Jahre wichtige Einblicke in die neurobiologischen Grundlagen schizophrener Defizitbereiche. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die wichtigsten fMRT-Befunde der letzten Dekade in den Bereichen Psychomotorik, visuelle bzw. akustische Informationsverarbeitung, Aufmerksamkeit und Arbeitsgedächtnis vor. Die Betrachtung erfolgt dabei unter der besonderen Berücksichtigung aktueller methodischer Ansätze wie der Darstellung von Therapieeffekten und der funktionellen Charakterisierung psychiatrischer Risikogene.

Abstract

Modern neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have contributed tremendously to our current understanding of psychiatric disorders in the context of functional, biochemical and microstructural alterations of the brain. Since the mid-nineties, functional MRI has provided major insights into the neurobiological correlates of signs and symptoms in schizophrenia. The current paper reviews important fMRI studies of the past decade in the domains of motor, visual, auditory, attentional and working memory function. Special emphasis is given to new methodological approaches, such as the visualisation of medication effects and the functional characterisation of risk genes.

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  1. NMR-Forschung in der Psychiatrie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg

    H. Tost, M. Ruf, T. Demirakça, O. Grimm, F. A. Henn & G. Ende

  2. Neuroimaging Core Facility and Unit on Integrative Neuroimaging, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda/MD, USA

    A. Meyer-Lindenberg*

  3. NMR-Forschung in der Psychiatrie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Postfach 122 120, 68072 , Mannheim

    H. Tost

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  1. H. Tost
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  2. A. Meyer-Lindenberg*
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  3. M. Ruf
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  4. T. Demirakça
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  5. O. Grimm
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Correspondence to H. Tost.

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Tost, H., Meyer-Lindenberg*, A., Ruf, M. et al. Zehn Jahre funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie in der Schizophrenieforschung. Radiologe 45, 113–123 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-004-1154-1

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