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Simultane EEG-fMRT-Messungen

Ein Einblick in Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und Herausforderungen

Simultaneous EEG-fMRI measurements

Insights in applications and challenges

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Der Artikel stellt eine Einführung in den Bereich der simultanen Messung von Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) und funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) dar, der in den letzten Jahren eine enorme Entwicklung erfahren hat.

Fragestellung

Die zugrunde liegende Idee der simultanen Messung ist es, die hervorragende zeitliche Auflösung des EEG mit der guten räumlichen Auflösung des fMRT zu kombinieren. Es werden der aktuelle Stand der Methode diskutiert und Perspektiven unter dem Aspekt der multimodalen Bildgebung aufgezeigt.

Material und Methode

Simultane EEG-fMRT-Messungen sind durch Gradientenartefakte und das kardioballistische Artefakt geprägt. Es werden verschiedene Artefaktkorrekturen vorgestellt, die nötig sind, um eine angemessene Datenqualität zu erhalten und wesentliche Punkte in der Planung und Durchführung einer kombinierten EEG-fMRT-Messung dargestellt. Anschließend werden unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Datenanalyse diskutiert.

Ergebnisse

Kombinierte EEG-fMRT-Messungen haben bereits zu unserem Verständnis über grundlegende Zusammenhänge von BOLD („blood oxygenation level-dependent“) -Antwort und EEG-Signal beigetragen und finden breite Anwendung in experimentellen Paradigmen. Die simultanen Messungen sind ein wesentlicher Baustein multimodaler Bildgebungsansätze zur Erforschung grundlegender physiologischer Verarbeitungsmechanismen des Gehirns sowie über störungsspezifische Defizite.

Schlussfolgerungen

Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der multimodalen Bildgebung sind die Kombination von elektrophysiologischen Parametern und MR-Parametern im Bereich des Ultra-high-field-MRT sowie die Kombination mit der Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) in einem trimodalen Ansatz.

Summary

Background

The following article presents an introduction to simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) measurements which have undergone a huge development during the last few years.

Objectives

The idea behind combining both non-invasive methods is to join the excellent temporal resolution of EEG (ms) together with the superior spatial resolution of fMRI (mm). In this article the status quo of the method and perspectives regarding multimodal imaging are discussed.

Material and methods

Simultaneous EEG-fMRI measurements are affected by scanner and cardioballistic artifacts. We present common artifact subtraction methods in order to achieve a feasible data quality and outline what to consider when planning and recording EEG and fMRI simultaneously. Moreover, we discuss different analysis strategies.

Results

Combined EEG-fMRI measurements have already increased our knowledge about the underlying relationships between the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response and the EEG signal and are applied to answer widespread research questions. Simultaneous measurements are an essential part of multimodal imaging in investigating the underlying processing mechanisms of the brain as well as in advancing our understanding of neuropsychiatric diseases.

Conclusions

Current developments in multimodal imaging focus on the combination of electrophysiological and MRI parameters within ultra-high field MRI as well as on positron emission tomography (PET) in a trimodal approach.

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Danksagung

Diese Studie wurde durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, IRTG 1328, DFG SH 79/2-2) gefördert.

Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. B. Reese, U. Habel und I. Neuner geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Medizinische Fakultät, RWTH Aachen, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland

    B. Reese, U. Habel &  I. Neuner

  2. JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich/Aachen, Deutschland

    B. Reese, U. Habel &  I. Neuner

  3. Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Deutschland

    I. Neuner

Authors
  1. B. Reese
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  2. U. Habel
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  3. I. Neuner
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Correspondence to I. Neuner.

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Reese, B., Habel, U. & Neuner, I. Simultane EEG-fMRT-Messungen. Nervenarzt 85, 671–679 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4012-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4012-z

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