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Beitrag der Neurobiologie zum Verständnis der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung

Contribution of neurobiology to our knowledge of borderline personality disorder

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Zusammenfassung

Affektdysregulation und Impulsivität stehen auf dem Gebiet der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung im Zentrum der neurobiologischen Forschung. An der Affektdysregulation sind ein gesteigertes Ruhearousal, eine erhöhte emotionale Ansprechbarkeit und eine defizitäre Emotionssteuerung beteiligt. Diese Merkmale gehen mit strukturellen und funktionellen Abweichungen in einem präfrontolimbischen Netzwerk, vor allem aber mit orbitofrontaler Hypoaktivität und amygdalarer sowie insulärer Hyperaktivität einher. Impulsivität meint einen Mangel an planerischem Denken sowie auch eine herabgesetzte Aktivierungsschwelle für motorische Antworten und ist mit einer verminderten serotonergen Aktivität im ventralen präfrontalen Kortex assoziiert. Zukünftige Forschung muss klären, wie spezifisch die Befundlage für die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung ist und inwieweit die Temperamentsdimension Neurotizismus die neurobiologischen Normabweichungen erklären kann.

Summary

Affect dysregulation and impulsivity are the main topics of neurobiological research in borderline personality disorder. Affect dysregulation subsumes enhanced resting arousal, increased emotional responsiveness as well as deficient emotional regulation and is associated with structural and functional abnormalities in a prefrontal-limbic network, above all orbitofrontal hypoactivity and amygdalar as well as insular hyperactivity. Impulsivity describes a lack of future-oriented problem solving style as well as a decreased threshold for motoric responses and is associated with decreased serotonergic activity in the ventral prefrontal cortex. Future research has to clarify how specific the findings of borderline personality disorder are and how far temperament dimensions, such as neuroticism can explain the neurobiological deviations from the norm.

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  1. Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Voßstraße 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    S.C. Herpertz

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Herpertz, S. Beitrag der Neurobiologie zum Verständnis der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung. Nervenarzt 82, 9–15 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-010-3127-0

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