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Stigmatisierung von Patienten mit Schizophrenie

Prägt das Studium die Einstellungen angehender Psychologen und Mediziner?

Stigmatisation of patients with schizophrenia

The influence of university courses on the attitudes of prospective psychologists and doctors

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Mehrere Studien haben ergeben, dass Psychiater im Vergleich zu Psychologen negativere Einstellungen gegenüber Patienten mit Schizophrenie haben. Dies wirft die Frage auf, in welcher Weise unterschiedliche Krankheitsmodelle und Kontakterfahrungen die Einstellungen des Fachpersonals beeinflussen.

Stichprobe und Methoden

Implizite und explizite Einstellungen, bisherige Kontakterfahrungen mit Personen mit Schizophrenie sowie subjektive Krankheitsmodelle der Schizophrenie wurden bei 60 Medizin- und 61 Psychologiestudenten erhoben.

Ergebnisse

Medizin- sowie Psychologiestudenten wiesen ein hohes Maß an negativen Einstellungen auf. Kontakterfahrungen waren bei Medizinstudenten mit einem geringeren, bei Psychologiestudenten mit einem größeren Ausmaß an Vorurteilen assoziiert. Positivere Einstellungen waren bei Medizinstudenten mit biogenetischen und bei Psychologiestudenten mit psychosozialen Krankheitsmodellen verbunden.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit zielgruppenspezifischer Antistigmakampagnen und weisen auf eine Überlegenheit multifaktorieller gegenüber monokausaler Ätiologiemodelle bei der Reduktion von Stereotypen hin.

Summary

Background

Some studies revealed that psychiatrists have more negative attitudes than psychologists towards patients with schizophrenia. This raises the question of whether different models of the aetiology of schizophrenia and the amount of personal contact influence the attitudes of mental health professionals.

Sample and methods

Explicit and implicit attitudes towards schizophrenia were assessed in medical and psychology students (n=60 and n=61, respectively) as well as their familiarity with the disorder and their subjective models of its aetiology.

Results

Medical and psychology students showed a substantial level of negative attitudes. Personal contact was negatively associated with stereotypes among medical students and positively associated among psychology students. Positive attitudes were related to biogenetic causal beliefs among medical students and to psychosocial causal beliefs among psychology students.

Conclusions

The results emphasise the need to adapt antistigma campaigns to target groups. They also indicate the superiority of a multidimensional aetiology over monocausal aetiological models in reducing stigma.

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  1. Abteilung für klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Psychologische Fakultät, Philipps-Universität, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032, Marburg, Deutschland

    E.A. Arens, C. Berger & T.M. Lincoln

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  1. E.A. Arens
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  2. C. Berger
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  3. T.M. Lincoln
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Correspondence to E.A. Arens.

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Arens, E., Berger, C. & Lincoln, T. Stigmatisierung von Patienten mit Schizophrenie. Nervenarzt 80, 329–339 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-008-2646-4

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