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Neurobiologie des Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssyndroms

Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Zusammenfassung

Das Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssyndrom (ADHS) ist eine klinisch heterogene Störung der Gehirnentwicklung unter Beteiligung zahlreicher genetischer und umweltbedingter Risikofaktoren. Ziel der interdisziplinär und translational ausgerichteten neurobiologischen Forschung ist, die wechselseitige Beziehung zwischen molekularen Mechanismen und strukturell-funktionellen Substraten in der Pathogenese des ADHS und ihre Bedeutung für den Langzeitverlauf der Erkrankung aufzuklären. Die Auseinandersetzung mit ADHS-spezifischen molekulargenetischen und entwicklungsbiologischen Grundlagen der Gehirnfunktion sowie strukturell-funktionellen Anlagen des Verhaltens verspricht, zur Entwicklung von Prädiktoren und differenziellen Strategien für die therapeutische Beeinflussung schwerer und chronischer Verläufe des ADHS beizutragen. Um evolutionär konservierte ADHS-relevante Prinzipien der Funktion und Struktur des Gehirns sowie des syndromtypischen Verhaltens zu definieren, ist ein integrierter Ansatz zur Aufklärung spezifischer neuro- und psychobiologischer Mechanismen und damit der systemischen Pathophysiologie des ADHS notwendig. Pathophysiologische Modelle des ADHS, insbesondere aber die syndromalen und komorbiden Dimensionen, benötigen daher die Kombination von molekulargenetischen, funktionell-bildgebenden, neuropsychologischen, verhaltensbiologischen und psychosozialen Strategien zur Erklärung vollständiger Kausalketten unter dem Gesichtspunkt einer gestörten Gehirnentwicklung.

Summary

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental syndrome with the contribution of numerous genetic and environmental risk factors. The goal of interdisciplinary and translational neurobiological research is to clarify the interdependent relationship between molecular mechanisms and structural-functional substrates in the pathogenesis of ADHD and its significance to the disorder’s long-term course. Work on ADHD-specific molecular genetic and developmental biological essentials of brain function and on the structural-functional basis of behavior holds the promise of developing predictors and differential strategies for effective therapy of severe and chronic courses of ADHD. To define evolutionary conserved ADHD-relevant principles of structure and function of the brain and behavior typical to the syndrome, an integrated approach in the elucidation of specific neuro- and psychobiological mechanisms and thus systemic pathophysiology of ADHD is crucial. Regarding compromised neurodevelopment, pathophysiological models of ADHD, particularly its syndromal and comorbid dimensions, therefore require the combination of molecular genetic, neuroimaging, neuropsychology, behavioral, and psychosocial strategies to explain complete causal chains.

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Danksagung

Die Forschung der Autoren wird durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 125 ADHS) und das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01GV0605) unterstützt.

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Die korrespondierenden Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universität Würzburg, Füchsleinstraße 15, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland

    T.J. Renner, M. Gerlach & M. Romanos

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universität Würzburg, Füchsleinstraße 15, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland

    M. Herrmann, A. Reif, A.J. Fallgatter &  K.-P. Lesch

Authors
  1. T.J. Renner
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  2. M. Gerlach
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  3. M. Romanos
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  4. M. Herrmann
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  5. A. Reif
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  6. A.J. Fallgatter
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  7. K.-P. Lesch
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Correspondence to T.J. Renner or K.-P. Lesch.

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Renner, T., Gerlach, M., Romanos, M. et al. Neurobiologie des Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssyndroms. Nervenarzt 79, 771–781 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-008-2513-3

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