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Behandlungsstrategien des Tetanus

Treatment strategies for tetanus

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Zusammenfassung

Mittlerweile ist der Tetanus in entwickelten Ländern aufgrund der aktiven Immunisierung eine seltene, aber dennoch schwerwiegende neurologische Erkrankung. Trotz moderner intensivmedizinischer Behandlungskonzepte beträgt die Letalität der generalisierten Form weiterhin 20–50%. Nachdem die Einführung der mechanischen Beatmung die Letalität drastisch reduzierte, sind die lebensbedrohlichen vegetativen Regulationsstörungen mit einhergehender kardiovaskulärer Instabilität Hauptsursache für die anhaltend ernste Prognose. Ein etabliertes Therapieregime dieser Komplikationen, auf das Mediziner ihre Behandlungsstrategien basieren könnten, existiert nicht. Dieser Beitrag liefert Informationen über die Klinik, Diagnostik und Prävention der Erkrankung und gibt einen Überblick über die therapeutischen Prinzipien des generalisierten Tetanus unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der regelhaft vorkommenden und schwierig zu behandelnden autonomen Dysregulationen.

Summary

As a result of active immunisation, tetanus has become a rare but still severe neurological disease in the developed world. Despite modern intensive care management, mortality ranges between 20 and 50%. Introduction of mechanical ventilation dramatically reduced mortality; the life-threatening vegetative dysfunctions with cardiovascular instability are now the main reasons fort he remaining poor prognosis. This report provides information about clinical features, diagnosis and prophylaxis of the disease and gives an overview of the therapeutic principles of generalized tetanus, focusing on the management of autonomic instability.

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Duning, T., Schäbitz, WR. Behandlungsstrategien des Tetanus. Nervenarzt 78, 145–155 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-006-2227-3

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