Abstract
Fungal activity is thought to play a direct and effective role in the breakdown and dissolution of primary minerals and in the synthesis of clay minerals in soil environments, with important consequences for plant growth and ecosystem functioning. We have studied primary mineral weathering in volcanic soils developed on trachydacite in southern Tuscany using a combination of qualitative and quantitative mineralogical and microbiological techniques. Specifically, we characterized the weathering and microbiological colonization of the magnetically separated ferromagnesian minerals (biotite and orthopyroxene) and non-ferromagnesian constituents (K-feldspar and volcanic glass) of the coarse sand fraction (250–1,000 µm). Our results show that in the basal horizons of the soils, the ferromagnesian minerals are much more intensively colonized by microorganisms than K-feldspar and glass, but that the composition of the microbial communities living on the two mineral fractions is similar. Moreover, X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscope observations show that although the ferromagnesian minerals are preferentially associated with an embryonic form of the clay mineral halloysite, they are still relatively fresh. We interpret our results as indicating that in this instance microbial activity, and particularly fungal activity, has not been an effective agent of mineral weathering, that the association with clay minerals is indirect, and that fungal weathering of primary minerals may not be as important a source of plant nutrients as previously claimed.
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Acknowledgements
We are pleased to acknowledge the help given by Tony Fraser with infrared spectroscopy and Evelyne Delbos and Evelyn McMurray with scanning electron microscopy. G. Certini gratefully acknowledges a grant from the Royal Society of Edinburgh enabling him to study at the Macaulay Institute. The work of C.D. Campbell, I.C. Anderson and S. Hillier was supported by the Scottish Government, Environment and Rural Affairs Department.
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Wilson, M.J., Certini, G., Campbell, C.D. et al. Does the preferential microbial colonisation of ferromagnesian minerals affect mineral weathering in soil?. Naturwissenschaften 95, 851–858 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0394-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0394-8