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Akute osteochondrale Läsionen nach Patellaluxation

Acute osteochondral lesions after patella dislocation

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Zusammenfassung

Akute osteochondrale Läsionen des Kniegelenks sind Verletzungen, welche häufig im Rahmen von Patellaluxationen auftreten. Bildgebendes Verfahren der Wahl ist die MRT-Untersuchung, da sich selbst größere osteochondrale Fragmente der konventionellen Röntgenbildgebung entziehen können. Besteht eine derartige Verletzung, stellt dies eine Operationsindikation dar, insbesondere sofern eine Refixation des Fragments in Erwägung gezogen wird. Die Defektstelle wird mittels Arthroskopie dargestellt und das dislozierte Fragment in Gänze geborgen. Ex situ erfolgt die Inspektion des Fragments. Ab einer Größe von ca. 1 cm2 sehen wir die Indikation zur Refixation. Die Operationstechnik zur Refixation osteochondraler Fragmente im Femoropatellargelenk hängt von der Lokalisation und Fragmentgröße ab. Resorbierbare Stifte zeigen gute klinische Ergebnisse ohne die Notwendigkeit einer Materialentfernung. Das postoperative Belastungskonzept sollte individuell nach dem Ausmaß und Lokalisation der Läsion gestaltet werden.

Abstract

Acute osteochondral lesions of the knee are injuries often caused by patella dislocations. In cases of negative standard x-rays magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans should be used to exclude these injuries, as even large fragments can escape visualization with x-rays. These lesions are strong indications for surgical intervention especially if refixation is considered. The intra-articular defect is visualized using arthroscopy and the dislocated fragment is retrieved entirely. Inspection of the fragment is performed ex situ to determine whether or not refixation should be performed. The refixation technique to be used for lesions in the femoro-patellar joint depends on fragment size and defect site. Current biodegradable implants have demonstrated good clinical results without the need for implant removal. The rehabilitation protocol should be individualized to the patient, size and site of the defect.

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Rosslenbroich, S., Raschke, M. & Petersen, W. Akute osteochondrale Läsionen nach Patellaluxation. Unfallchirurg 115, 392–396 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-012-2196-x

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