Skip to main content
Log in

Bronchiale Provokation im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Konsensus-Statement der Arbeitsgruppe Lungenfunktion in der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Pneumologie

Bronchial provocation in childhood and adolescence

Consensus statement of the working group on lung function of the Society of Pediatric Pneumology

  • Konsensuspapiere
  • Published:
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Bronchiale Provokationstests spielen eine wichtige Rolle in Diagnostik und Therapie-Monitoring bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen. Entsprechende Empfehlungen wurden von der Arbeitsgruppe Lungenfunktion der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Pneumologie 1999 in dieser Zeitschrift publiziert.

Ziel der Arbeit

Überarbeitung des oben genannten Dokuments im Hinblick auf die Weiterentwicklung von Methoden und Evidenz in den letzten Jahren.

Material und Methode

Literaturrecherche, Expertenkonsens.

Ergebnisse

Für die Indikationsstellung, praktische Durchführung und Beurteilung der wichtigsten Provokationsmethoden (Methacholin, Laufbelastung, hypertone Kochsalzlösung, Mannitol und Allergenextrakte) können aktualisierte Empfehlungen und Referenzwerte angegeben werden. Bei der Auswahl des Verfahrens und der Interpretation der Ergebnisse müssen unbedingt die Anamnese und die klinische Fragestellung berücksichtigt werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Die standardisierte bronchiale Provokation mit den beschriebenen direkten oder indirekten Tests ermöglicht auch im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine valide Funktionsdiagnostik und gehört ins diagnostische Repertoire jeder Kinderpneumologiepraxis oder -klinikambulanz.

Abstract

Background

Bronchial provocation tests play an important role in the diagnostics and therapy monitoring of children and adolescents with obstructive airway diseases. Corresponding recommendations were published by the working group on lung function of the Society of Pediatric Pneumology in this journal in 1999.

Aim

The recommendations have been revised with respect to the further developments in methods and evidence in recent years.

Material and methods

A literature search was carried out and an expert consensus statement was formulated.

Results

Revised recommendations and reference values are given for the indications, practical execution and assessment of the most important provocation tests (i.e. methacholine, exercise challenge, hypertonic saline, mannitol and allergen extracts). It is absolutely necessary that the patient history and the clinical symptoms are taken into consideration for the selection of procedures and interpretation of the results.

Conclusion

Standardized bronchial provocation with the direct and indirect tests described here allow valid functional diagnostics even in childhood and adolescence and belong to the diagnostic repertoire of every pediatric pneumological practice and outpatient clinic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1

Literatur

  1. Anderson SD, Argyros GJ, Magnussen H et al (2001) Provocation by eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea to identify exercise induced bronchoconstriction. Br J Sports Med 35:344–347

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Barker M, Gappa M, Hebestreit H (2004) Belastungstestung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 152:44–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brannan JD, Anderson SD, Perry CP et al (2005) The safety and efficacy of inhaled dry powder mannitol as a bronchial provocation test for airway hyperresponsiveness: a phase 3 comparison study with hypertonic (4.5 %) saline. Respir Res 6:144

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Buhl R, Berdel D, Criée C et al (2006) Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit Asthma. Pneumologie 60:139–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Crapo RO, Casaburi R, Coates AL et al (2000) Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:309–329

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Eggleston PA, Kagey-Sobotka A, Lichtenstein LM (1987) A comparison of the osmotic activation of basophils and human lung mast cells. Am Rev Respir Dis 135:1043–1048

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Eliasson AH, Phillips YY, Rajagopal KR et al (1992) Sensitivity and specificity of bronchial provocation testing. An evaluation of four techniques in exercise-induced bronchospasm. Chest 102:347–355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gauvreau GM, Watson RM, Rerecich TJ et al (1999) Repeatability of allergen-induced airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 104:66–71

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2014. http://www.ginasthma.org

  10. Godfrey S, Springer C, Bar-Yishay E et al (1999) Cut-off points defining normal and asthmatic bronchial reactivity to exercise and inhalation challenges in children and young adults. Eur Respir J 14:659–668

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hagmolen of ten Have W, van den Berg NJ, van der Palen J et al (2005) Validation of a single concentration methacholine inhalation provocation test (SCIPT) in children. J Asthma 42:419–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jones PD, Hankin R, Simpson J et al (2001) The tolerability, safety, and success of sputum induction and combined hypertonic saline challenge in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:1146–1149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Joos GF, O’Connor B, Anderson SD et al (2003) Indirect airway challenges. Eur Respir J 21:1050–1068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lex C, Dymek S, Heying R et al (2007) Value of surrogate tests to predict exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in atopic childhood asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 42:225–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Merget R, Jorres RA, Heinze E et al (2009) Development of a 1-concentration-4-step dosimeter protocol for methacholine testing. Respir Med 103:607–613

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Moeller A, Lehmann A, Knauer N et al (2008) Effects of montelukast on subjective and objective outcome measures in preschool asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol 43:179–186

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) (2013) Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Asthma – Langfassung, 2. Aufl.. Version 5. 2009, zuletzt geändert: August 2013. http://www.versorgungsleitlinien.de. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000163

  18. Paridon SM, Alpert BS, Boas SR et al (2006) Clinical stress testing in the pediatric age group: a statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth. Circulation 113:1905–1920

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Riedler J (2013) Kapitel 11.2: Bronchiale Reagibilität. In: Von Mutius G, Eber E, Frey U (Hrsg) Pädiatrische Pneumologie, 3. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokio, S 167–176

  20. Riedler J, Reade T, Dalton M et al (1994) Hypertonic saline challenge in an epidemiologic survey of asthma in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:1632–1639

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Schulze J, Reinmuller W, Herrmann E et al (2013) Bronchial allergen challenges in children – safety and predictors. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 24:19–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Schulze J, Rosewich M, Dressler M et al (2012) Bronchial allergen challenge using the Medicaid dosimeter. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 157:89–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Schulze J, Rosewich M, Riemer C et al (2009) Methacholine challenge – comparison of an ATS protocol to a new rapid single concentration technique. Respir Med 103:1898–1903

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Schulze J, Smith HJ, Fuchs J et al (2012) Methacholine challenge in young children as evaluated by spirometry and impulse oscillometry. Respir Med 106:627–634

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Suh DI, Lee JK, Kim CK et al (2011) Methacholine and adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) responsiveness, and the presence and degree of atopy in children with asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 22:e101–e106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Vink GR, Arets HG, Van Der Laag J et al (2003) Impulse oscillometry: a measure for airway obstruction. Pediatr Pulmonol 35:214–219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Zacharasiewicz A, Wilson N, Lex C et al (2005) Clinical use of noninvasive measurements of airway inflammation in steroid reduction in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171:1077–1082

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. C. Lex, A. Zacharasiewicz, J. Schulze, M. Dahlheim, J. Riedler, A. Möller und M. Barker geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Consortia

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Lex.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lex, C., Zacharasiewicz, A., Schulze, J. et al. Bronchiale Provokation im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 163, 826–832 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-015-3337-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-015-3337-4

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation