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Primäre IgA-Nephropathie und Purpura Schönlein-Henoch-Nephritis

  • Leitthema: Glomerulopathien
  • Published:
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

IgA-Ablagerungen sowohl bei primärer IgA-Nephropathie als auch bei Purpura Schönlein-Henoch-Nephritis lassen trotz unterschiedlicher Klinik auf eine gemeinsame Pathologie und Pathogenese beider Erkrankungen schließen. Die primäre IgA-Nephropathie tritt vor allem bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen auf und ist nicht mit extrarenalen Symptomen assoziiert. Entweder besteht eine rezidivierende Makrohämaturie oder eine Mikrohämaturie mit Proteinurie. Die Purpura Schönlein-Henoch-Nephritis ist eine Erkrankung des (frühen) Kindesalters mit vaskulitischer Symptomatik der Haut, der Niere aber auch des Gastrointestinaltrakts und der Gelenke. Oft besteht nur eine milde renale Symptomatik. Jedoch sind konsequente Nachuntersuchungen nötig, um eine signifikante Glomerulopathie zu entdecken. Bei beiden Erkrankungen wird IgA1 vermehrt produziert und nicht korrekt glykosyliert, die Proteinurie ist jeweils wichtigster Risikofaktor. Eine immunsuppressive Therapie ist nur bei schwerem, progredientem Verlauf gerechtfertigt. Der Einsatz von Angiotensin-converting-Enzym-Inhibitoren hat an Bedeutung gewonnen, da dadurch die prognostisch ungünstige Proteinurie reduziert wird und durch einen anti-fibrotischen Effekt eine Nephroprotektion erreicht werden kann.

Abstract

The deposition of immunoglobulin A in primary IgA nephropathy as well as Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis suggests a common pathology and pathogenesis, although the clinical features are different. Primary IgA nephropathy is a disorder of adolescents and adults with no extrarenal symptoms. Signs include recurrent macroscopic hematuria or microscopic hematuria with proteinuria. Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis is a systemic vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys, but also the gastrointestinal tract and joints. Although most patients only have mild renal symptoms, long-term follow-up is important to detect those patients with significant glomerular disease. An increased production as well as defective glycosylation of IgA1 is present in both disorders, and proteinuria is the most important prognostic factor. Immunosuppressive treatment is reserved for patients with a severe, progressive course. Recently, inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme have been used increasingly because in addition to reduction of proteinuria, nephroprotection can be achieved by an antifibrotic effect.

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Kemper, M.J. Primäre IgA-Nephropathie und Purpura Schönlein-Henoch-Nephritis . Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 152, 257–264 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-004-0893-4

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