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The role of dendritic cells in CNS autoimmunity

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated, central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease. Clinical and histopathological features suggest an inflammatory etiology involving resident CNS innate cells as well as invading adaptive immune cells. Encephalitogenic myelin-reactive T cells have been implicated in the initiation of an inflammatory cascade, eventually resulting in demyelination and axonal damage (the histological hallmarks of MS). Dendritic cells (DC) have recently emerged as key modulators of this immunopathological cascade, as supported by studies in humans and experimental disease models. In one such model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), CNS microvessel-associated DC have been shown to be essential for local antigen recognition by myelin-reactive T cells. Moreover, the functional state and compartmental distribution of DC derived from CNS and associated lymphatics seem to be limiting factors in both the induction and effector phases of EAE. Moreover, DC modulate and balance the recruitment of encephalitogenic and regulatory T cells into CNS tissue. This capacity is critically influenced by DC surface expression of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory molecules. The fact that DC accumulate in the CNS before T cells and can direct T-cell responses suggests that they are key determinants of CNS autoimmune outcomes. Here we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in our understanding of CNS-derived DC and their relevance to neuroinflammation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève, 14, Switzerland

    Alla L. Zozulya

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Benjamin D. Clarkson & Zsuzsanna Fabry

  3. Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Group for MS and Neuroimmunology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany

    Sonja Ortler & Heinz Wiendl

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  1. Alla L. Zozulya
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  2. Benjamin D. Clarkson
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  4. Zsuzsanna Fabry
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  5. Heinz Wiendl
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Correspondence to Heinz Wiendl.

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Zozulya, A.L., Clarkson, B.D., Ortler, S. et al. The role of dendritic cells in CNS autoimmunity. J Mol Med 88, 535–544 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-010-0607-4

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