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Funktionsdiagnostik in der Pneumologie

Functional diagnostics in pneumology

  • Schwerpunkt: Funktionsdiagnostik in der Inneren Medizin
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Die pneumologische Funktionsdiagnostik ist neben bildgebenden Verfahren in der Lage, Hinweise auf die zugrunde liegende Störung zu liefern, beispielsweise in Bezug auf Asthma, chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung (COPD) oder Lungenfibrose. Wichtig ist aber auch die Beurteilung des Schweregrads der Erkrankungen und die Einschätzung des Verlaufs unter einer Therapie. Die Spirometrie als erste Basisuntersuchung, die Ganzkörperplethysmographie in der erweiterten Diagnostik, die Blutgasanalyse und Bestimmung des Transferfaktors sowie die Spiroergometrie, Echokardiographie und Rechtsherzkatheteruntersuchung in der funktionellen Beurteilung besonders von pulmonalvaskulären Erkrankungen werden dargestellt. Funktionsstörungen des respiratorischen Systems sind auch die schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen und die chronische respiratorische Insuffizienz. Auch deren Diagnostik ist integraler Bestandteil der pneumologischen Funktionsanalyse.

Abstract

Alongside imaging techniques, pulmonary function testing helps in the diagnosis of underlying disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or fibrosing lung disease. However, disease severity grading is also important, as well as disease follow-up under therapy. The value of spirometry as a first-line diagnostic test, whole-body plethysmography in advanced diagnostics, the measurement of transfer factor, as well as blood gas analysis are outlined. The importance of spiroergometry, echocardiography, and right-heart catheterization, particularly in the functional assessment of pulmonary vascular disorders, is described. Tests in respiratory sleep medicine, such as polysomnography, as well as tests for diagnosing chronic respiratory failure, are part of the respiratory physician’s diagnostic armamentarium.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Innere Medizin, Klinikum Würzburg Mitte – Standort Missioklinik, Salvatorstr. 7, 97064, Würzburg, Deutschland

    M. Held, S. Baron & B. Jany

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  1. M. Held
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  2. S. Baron
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  3. B. Jany
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Correspondence to M. Held.

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Interessenkonflikt

M. Held, S. Baron und B. Jany geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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J. Mössner, Leipzig

M. Reincke, München

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Held, M., Baron, S. & Jany, B. Funktionsdiagnostik in der Pneumologie. Internist 59, 15–24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-017-0367-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-017-0367-0

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