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Kardiorenales Syndrom

Cardiorenal syndrome

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Zusammenfassung

Das kardiorenale Syndrom beschreibt die klinische Situation eines akuten Nierenversagens bei einem akut kardial dekompensierten Patienten im Verlauf der Herzinsuffizienztherapie. Ursache ist eine rasche Verschlechterung der beim Großteil akut herzinsuffizienter Patienten bereits bestehenden chronischen Niereninsuffizienz. Bei dieser Konstellation muss eine diuretische Therapie besonders vorsichtig und langsam durchgeführt werden, um einen inadäquaten Volumenentzug zu vermeiden. Mitunter kann dies nur unter intensivmedizinischer Überwachung geschehen. Nierenersatzverfahren können beim kardiorenalen Syndrom vorteilhaft sein, da sie bei Therapiebeginn einen schnelleren Flüssigkeitsentzug und im Verlauf eine bessere Kontrolle des Volumenentzugs ermöglichen. Die individuelle Behandlung der Patienten mit kardiorenalem Syndrom bedarf der kooperativen Abstimmung zwischen Kardiologen und Nephrologen.

Abstract

The cardiorenal syndrome describes the frequent clinical situation in which therapy of a patient with acute cardiac decompensation is limited by a decline of renal function. This is frequently associated with preexisting chronic renal insufficiency. It is important to be aware of this potentially fatal constellation and perform diuretic therapy slowly and carefully in order to avoid inadequate volume depletion. This may require surveillance in an intensive care unit. Ultrafiltration is an alternative to diuretic therapy which may permit greater fluid loss when beginning therapy and better control of volume reduction once heart failure symptoms improve. The individual treatment of patients with cardiorenal syndrome requires a close cooperation between cardiologists and nephrologists.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin-Converting-Enzym

CAPD:

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

GFR:

Glomeruläre Filtrationsrate

KHK:

Koronare Herzkrankheit

LDL:

Low Density Lipoprotein

NYHA:

New York Heart Association

PD:

Peritonealdialyse

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Correspondence to M.D. Alscher.

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Alscher, M., Sechtem, U. Kardiorenales Syndrom. Internist 53, 309–318 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-011-2981-6

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