Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The analysis of tropical wood discoloration caused by simulated sunlight

Untersuchung der Verfärbung tropischer Hölzer aufgrund simulierter Sonneneinstrahlung

  • Originals Originalarbeiten
  • Published:
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigated the wood surface discoloration due to simulated sunlight of tropical woods native to South America. Wood of jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.), massaranduba (Manilkara bidentata A. Chev.), tigerwood (Astronium graveolens Jacq.), angelim amargoso (Vatairea spp.), angelim pedra (Hymenolobium spp.) and angelim vermellho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke) was exposed to a treatment by xenon-arc lamp light simulating outdoor sunlight, for 144 hours. Colour measurement of exposed and non-exposed areas of samples was performed by means of a spectrophotometer measuring in CIEL ∗ a ∗ b ∗ colour system. The resulting wood discoloration was evaluated according to the value of the overall colour change ΔE ∗. Changes of particular parameters (L ∗,a ∗ and b ∗) were also observed during exposure. The wood surface darkened rapidly during the first hours of exposure to simulated sunlight. Later, samples showed only a slight increase in lightness. Within one wood species the colour changes were more significant (higher ΔE ∗) for lighter samples.

Zusammenfassung

In dieser Studie wurde die Verfärbung von Holzoberflächen aufgrund von simulierter Sonneneinstrahlung an den in Südamerika beheimateten tropischen Holzarten Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.), Massaranduba (Manilkara bidentata A. Chev.), Tigerwood (Astronium graveolens Jacq.), Angelim amargoso (Vatairea spp.), Angelim pedra (Hymenolobium spp.) und Angelim vermellho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke) untersucht. Dabei wurden diese über eine Dauer von 144 Stunden mit einer Xenonlampe bestrahlt. Mit einem Spektralphotometer wurden Farbmessungen an bestrahlten und nicht bestrahlten Probenflächen unter Verwendung des CIEL ∗ a ∗ b ∗ Farbsystems durchgeführt. Die Gesamtverfärbung wurde entsprechend des Wertes ΔE ∗ beurteilt. Bei der Bestrahlung wurde die Änderung der Parameter L ∗,a ∗ und b ∗ ebenfalls bestimmt. In den ersten Stunden der Bestrahlung dunkelte die Holzoberfläche schnell, später nahm die Helligkeit leicht zu. Innerhalb einer Holzart waren die Farbveränderungen bei den helleren Proben stärker ausgeprägt (größeres ΔE ∗).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1 Abb. 1
Fig. 2 Abb. 2
Fig. 3 Abb. 3
Fig. 4 Abb. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Chang TC, Chang HT, Wu CL, Chang ST (2010) Influences of extractives on the photodegradation of wood. Polym Degrad Stab 95:516–521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis EM (1962) Machining and related characteristics of United States hardwoods. Technical bulletin No 1267. US Department of Agriculture, Washington

  • Evans P, Chowdhury MJ, Mathews B, Schmalzl K, Ayer S, Kiguchi M, Kataoka Y (2005) Weathering and surface protection of wood. In: Kutz M (ed) Handbook of environmental degradation of materials. William Andrew Publishing, Norwich, pp 277–297

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Feist WC (1983) Finishing wood for exterior use. In: Carter RM (ed) Proceedings 87318 finishing eastern hardwoods. Forest Products Research Society, Madison, pp 185–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Feist WC, Hon DNS (1984) Chemistry of weathering and protection. In: Rowell R (ed) The chemistry of solid wood. Advances in chemistry, vol 207. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 401–451

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gierlinger N, Jacques D, Grabner M, Wimmer R, Schwanninger M, Rozenberg P, Pâques LE (2004) Colour of larch heartwood and relationships to extractives and brown-rot decay resistence. Trees 18:102–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonçalez JC (1993) Technological characteristics of four less known species of the Amazon forests: anatomy, chemistry, colour, physical and mechanical properties. Dissertation, Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (in French)

  • Hon DNS (2001) Weathering and photochemistry of wood. In: Hon DNS, Shiraishi N (eds) Wood and cellulosic chemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 513–546

    Google Scholar 

  • Hon DNS, Minemura N (2001) Color and discoloration. In: Hon DNS, Shiraishi N (eds) Wood and cellulosic chemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 385–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Jirouš-Rajković V, Ljuljka B (1999) Colour and changes of colour of wood during weathering. Drv Ind 50:31–39 (in Croatian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kučerová I (2005) Atmospheric degradation of wood. Koroze Ochr Mater 49:9–12 (in Czech)

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller U, Rätzsch M, Schwanninger M, Steiner M, Zöbl H (2003) Yellowing and IR-changes of spruce wood as result of UV-irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol B, Biol 69:97–105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nzokou P, Kamdem DP (2006) Influence of wood extractives on the photo-discoloration of wood surfaces exposed to artificial weathering. Color Res Appl 31:425–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oltean L, Teischinger A, Hansmann C (2008) Wood surface discolouration due to simulated indoor sunlight exposure. Holz Roh-Werkst 66:51–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oltean L, Hansmann C, Nemeth R, Teischinger A (2010) Wood surface discolouration of three Hungarian hardwood species due to simulated indoor sunlight exposure. Wood Preserv 55:49–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey KK (2005) A note on the influence of extractives on the photo-discoloration and photo-degradation of wood. Polym Degrad Stab 87:375–379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panshin AJ, de Zeeuw C (1980) Textbook of wood technology: structure, identification, properties, and uses of the commercial woods of the United States and Canada. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pastore TCM, KO Santos, Rubim JC (2004) A spectrocolorimetric study on the effect of ultraviolet irradiation of four tropical hardwoods. Bioresour Technol 93:37–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolvaj L, Preklet E, Barta E, Papp G (2001) Dependence on light sources of the artificial photodegradation of wood. Workshop within COST action E-18, high performance wood coatings, Paris. http://www.vtt.fi/rte/bp/coste18/seminar2_paper3.pdf. Accessed 16 July 2010

Download references

Acknowledgements

The paper was created within the framework of the research plan of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, MSM 6215648902 Forest and Wood—Support for Functionally Integrated Forest Management and Use of Timber as Renewable Material. The authors would also like to express their thanks to the Department of Furniture, Design and Habitat, Mendel University in Brno for enabling them to perform the experiment in their xenon test chamber and for lending their spectrophotometer. The authors would also like to thank the companies—MAGNUM Parket a.s. and ToTEM s.r.o.—for the supply of materials used in the experiment and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Wood Science, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic

    Jan Baar & Vladimír Gryc

Authors
  1. Jan Baar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vladimír Gryc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Baar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Baar, J., Gryc, V. The analysis of tropical wood discoloration caused by simulated sunlight. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 70, 263–269 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-011-0551-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-011-0551-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation