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Nanomedizin

Innovative Anwendungen in der Medizin

Nanomedicine

Innovative applications in medicine

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Zusammenfassung

Die Nanomedizin ist ein neuer und aufstrebender Bereich in der Medizin. Superparamagnetische Eisenoxidnanopartikel (SPION) verdienen besondere Beachtung, da sie sowohl in der Diagnostik als auch in der Therapie von Erkrankungen verwendet werden können. Man kann sie deshalb auch als „Theranostika“ bezeichnen. Diagnostisch sind sie in vivo bereits als Kontrastmittel bei der Magnetresonanztomographie und in vitro bei der Zellseparation im Einsatz. In der Therapie stellt das Magnetische Drug Targeting (MDT) einen besonders zukunftsträchtigen Ansatz dar. Es ermöglicht die zielgerichtete lokale Applikation von Wirkstoffen. Zum MDT wurden bereits äußerst vielversprechende Tierstudien durchgeführt. Da die SPION durch magnetische Wechselfelder auch noch erhitzt werden können, besteht außerdem die Möglichkeit einer Kombination mit Hyperthermie. Allerdings sind viele Auswirkungen der Nanotechnologie auf den Menschen bisher noch völlig unbekannt, sodass toxikologische Untersuchungen hierzu unabdingbar sind. Eine Implementierung dieses vielversprechenden Therapieansatzes in die Klinik ist nur durch interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und entsprechende finanzielle Unterstützung möglich.

Abstract

Nanomedicine is a new and upcoming area in medicine. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) deserve attention as they can be used for diagnostics and therapy (“theranostics”). For diagnosis in vivo SPION are already used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging; in vitro they are used for cell separation. For therapy, magnetic drug targeting is a particularly promising approach. It enables a goal-oriented local application of active substances. Very promising animal experiments have already been performed. Moreover, SPION can be heated by alternating magnetic fields, so combination with hyperthermia is also possible. However, many effects of nanotechnology on the human organism are not known. Hence, further investigations are indispensable to elucidate possible toxic effects. Implementation of this promising therapy into the clinical setting will be possible due to interdisciplinary cooperation and respective financial support.

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Danksagung/Interessenkonflikt

Für die Förderung der Forschungsarbeiten möchte ich mich bei der Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung, der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (AL552/3-3), dem Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (FKZ: 01EX1012B), der Emerging Fields Initiative der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg und der Medizinischen Forschungsstiftung Erlangen sehr herzlich bedanken.

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Correspondence to C. Alexiou.

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Der Autor erhielt 2011 den Anton von Tröltsch-Preis der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie für die in [9] genannte Arbeit.

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Alexiou, C. Nanomedizin. HNO 61, 197–201 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-012-2562-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-012-2562-6

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