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Lebensbedrohliche Differenzialdiagnosen des Drehschwindels und des Hörsturzes

Life-threatening differential diagnoses of vertigo and sudden hearing loss

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Zusammenfassung

Schwindel und akute Hörverluste sind Symptome, wegen derer regelmäßig HNO-Notfallambulanzen aufgesucht werden. In den allermeisten Fällen liegt eine peripher-vestibuläre oder neurootologische Ursache vor. Problematisch ist, dass lebensbedrohliche, ischämische, hämorrhagische und entzündliche Erkrankungen des ZNS eine identische Symptomatik aufweisen können und daher nur schwer diagnostisch abgrenzbar sind. Anhand von eigenen Patienten mit Kleinhirnischämie, Basilaristhrombose, Vertebralisdissektion, Kleinhirnabszess, Hirntumor, Cholesteatom sowie Begutachtungsfällen wurden typische Befundkonstellationen für eine zentrale Ursache otoneurologischer Symptome herausgearbeitet. Zur frühzeitigen Sicherung dieser seltenen Differenzialdiagnosen muss besonderer Wert auf die Einbeziehung der modernen Bildgebung und die neurologische, interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit gelegt werden.

Abstract

Many patients call the ENT emergency department because of vertigo and sudden hearing loss. The majority of cases are due to peripheral or neurootological reasons. A serious and ongoing problem is that life-threatening ischemic, hemorrhagic and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system may cause identical symptoms, making it difficult to differentiate between them. On the basis of our own patients with cerebellar ischemia, basilar thrombosis, dissection of the vertebral artery, cerebellar abscess, brain tumor and cholesteatoma and on the basis of expert opinions, typical sets of symptoms in patients with neurootological symptoms of a central cause are defined. To ensure early detection of these rare differential diagnoses, physicians should place particular importance on modern imaging diagnostics and neurological, interdisciplinary cooperation.

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Correspondence to I. Gauss.

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Gauss, I., Delank, KW., Esser, M. et al. Lebensbedrohliche Differenzialdiagnosen des Drehschwindels und des Hörsturzes. HNO 56, 733–741 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-008-1771-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-008-1771-5

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