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Einfluss von Lebensstil und Umweltfaktoren auf die reproduktive Gesundheit des Mannes

Impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on male reproductive health

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Zusammenfassung

Bei der Erfassung kausaler Faktoren männlicher Fertilitätsstörungen spielen Lebensstil und Umweltfaktoren eine wichtige Rolle. Das Wissen um die Wechselwirkungen zwischen derartigen Einflüssen und reproduktiven Funktionen des Mannes eröffnet zudem die Möglichkeit eines präventiven Ansatzes in der Andrologie. Relevante exogene Noxen sind Genussgifte, Pharmaka einschließlich Lifestyle-Medikamenten, Berufsstoffe, Umweltchemikalien sowie physikalische Faktoren. Reproduktionstoxische Effekte können sich prätestikulär, testikulär oder posttestikulär entfalten und neben einer Beeinträchtigung der Spermatogenese oder Spermienfunktion auch Hormon- und Sexualstörungen verursachen. Aufgrund der komplexen Regulation des männlichen Reproduktionssystems sowie der begrenzten Übertragbarkeit tierexperimenteller Befunde und In-vitro-Daten auf die Situation beim Menschen liegen allerdings nur für wenige Noxen gesicherte Erkenntnisse vor. In der andrologischen Sprechstunde sollten bei Erhebung der Anamnese potenzielle Expositionsrisiken erfasst und die Patienten über eine gesicherte oder mögliche Relevanz für ihre Fertilität aufgeklärt werden.

Abstract

The identification of potential environmental hazards may be clinically relevant in the diagnosis of male infertility. Knowledge about these factors will improve prevention of fertility disorders. Apart from drugs or factors related to lifestyle such as alcohol and tobacco smoke, various environmental and occupational agents, both chemical and physical, may impair male reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity may evolve at the hypothalamic-pituitary, testicular, or post-testicular level; endpoints comprise deterioration of spermatogenesis and sperm function as well as endocrine disorders and sexual dysfunction. With regard to the complex regulation of the male reproductive system, the available information concerning single exogenous factors and their mechanisms of action in humans is limited. This is also due to the fact that extrapolation of results obtained from experimental animal or in vitro studies remains difficult. Nevertheless, the assessment of relevant exposure to reproductive toxicants should be carefully evaluated during diagnostic procedures of andrological patients.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und Andrologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH – Standort Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gaffkystr. 14, 35385, Gießen, Deutschland

    H.-C. Schuppe

  2. Andrologicum München, München, Deutschland

    F.-M. Köhn

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Dieser Beitrag ist eine aktualisierte und erweiterte Version des Beitrags: Köhn F‑M, Schuppe H‑C (2016) Umweltfaktoren und männliche Fertilität. Urologe A 55:877–882.

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Schuppe, HC., Köhn, FM. Einfluss von Lebensstil und Umweltfaktoren auf die reproduktive Gesundheit des Mannes. Hautarzt 69, 996–1005 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-018-4307-2

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