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Wie entsteht Acne vulgaris?

How acne vulgaris develops

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Zusammenfassung

Zur Entstehung einer Akne sind verschiedene Faktoren erforderlich, die sowohl endogen als auch exogen sein können. Morphogenetisch ist die Akne gut untersucht worden, und die wichtigsten Schritte werden dargelegt. Akne ist eine Erkrankung, die nur beim Menschen vorkommt; sie spielt sich in den Talgdrüsenfollikeln ab. Erster Schritt ist eine Proliferations-Retentions-Hyperkeratose im Infundibulum, wodurch aus einem Follikelfilament ein Mikrokomedo, dann ein geschlossener und schließlich ein offener Komedo entstehen. Die Reihenfolge ist nicht zwangsläufig, aber typisch. Die Androgenstimulation aktiviert die Talgdrüsenproduktion, und Propionibakterien siedeln sich im Follikel und in den Komedonen an. Zu den frühen oder späten Stadien der Komedonen kommen entzündliche Phänomene hinzu, die gering bis massiv sein können. Je nach Ausmaß der Entzündung können Narben entstehen. Die Genetik spielt eine Rolle bei der Ausbildung der Akne, wie Zwillingsstudien gezeigt haben. Der oder die genetischen Faktoren sind bislang nicht geklärt. Die Entzündungskaskade wird durch immunologische Faktoren hochgeregelt. Exogene Faktoren scheinen eine nicht zu unterschätzende Rolle zu spielen, wie epidemiologische Studien und neueste Publikationen verschiedener Arbeitsgruppen gezeigt haben. Die Ernährung, insbesondere hyperglykämische Nahrungsmittel und Milchprodukte, greifen in die Pathogenese ein.

Abstract

For the initiation of acne multiple factors are required from endogenous to exogenous sources. The morphogenesis of acne is well studied, and the principle steps are discussed in the paper. Acne is a disease of humans, developing in sebaceous follicles. The first step is a proliferation-retention hyperkeratosis in the infundibulum, thus forming a follicular filament, from which a microcomedo arises. Finally open and closed comedones appear. This sequence is not strictly followed, but quite typical. Androgen stimulation activates sebaceous lipogenesis. At this point propionibacteria colonize the follicle and comedones. At earlier or later stages of the comedo development inflammatory phenomena appear, ranging from subtle to severe. Depending on the amount of inflammation, scars may develop. There is an undisputable genetic component for the initiation of acne, as twin studies have shown. The or these genetic factors have not been determined yet. The inflammatory cascade is up-regulated by immunological factors. Exogenous factors, underestimated in the past, seem to play an important role as well, as epidemiological studies and recent publications from different investigators have shown. Nutrition, particularly hyperglycemic food and milk products, are directly involved in the pathogenesis of acne.

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Plewig, G. Wie entsteht Acne vulgaris?. Hautarzt 61, 99–106 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1829-7

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