Zusammenfassung
HPV-Infektionen spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung des Analkarzinoms. Sowohl der Infektionsweg als auch die sich anschließende Transformation der infizierten Epithelzellen ähnelt sehr den Mechanismen, über die auch andere HPV-assoziierte Karzinome entstehen. Die molekulare Analyse der einzelnen Schritte, die für die maligne Transformation erforderlich sind, führte zur Identifizierung von Markern, durch die eindeutig und mit höherer Präzision die HPV-transformierten Zellen nachgewiesen werden können. Da seit der Einführung der wirksamen antiretroviralen Therapie die Überlebenszeiten von HIV-infizierten Personen, die ein besonders hohes Risiko haben, an HPV-assoziierten Tumoren zu erkranken, deutlich angestiegen sind, sind gerade auch für die praktizierenden Dermatologen und Proktologen diese Entwicklungen zunehmend von praktischem Interesse. In dieser Übersicht beschreiben wir kurz die grundlegenden Mechanismen und einige klinische Anwendungsbeispiele dieser Forschung.
Abstract
HPV infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of anal cancers. The mode of infection and subsequent transformation resembles very much the pathogenesis of cervical and other HPV-associated cancers. The molecular dissection of individual steps required to achieve cellular transformation within an HPV-infected cell led to the identification of novel biomarkers that make it possible to identify HPV-transformed cells with substantially higher precision in comparison to conventional methods. Since effective antiretroviral therapy allows for possible long-term survival of HIV-infected individuals who are at very high risk to develop HPV-associated cancers in the anogenital tract, these new developments have become increasingly relevant for practicing dermatologists and proctologists. We here briefly review the basic concepts and some clinical applications of this recent research.
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von Knebel Doeberitz, M., Reuschenbach, M. Humane Papillomviren in der Pathogenese der intraepithelialen Neoplasien (AIN) und Karzinome des Anus. Hautarzt 61, 13–20 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1809-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1809-y