Zusammenfassung
Die periprothetische Infektion ist eine der gefürchtetsten Komplikationen der Endoprothetik. Im klinischen Alltag resultieren die wesentlichen Probleme jedoch meist nicht aus dem Vorliegen der Infektion, sondern aus der verspäteten Diagnose und einer inadäquaten Therapie. Klinisches Leitsymptom ist der Schmerz. Die Bestimmung des C-reaktiven Proteins und der Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit dienen als Screeningmethode, die Sicherung der Diagnose erfolgt durch die Aspiration von Gelenkflüssigkeit. Therapeutisch ist zu berücksichtigen, dass ein gelenkerhaltendes Verfahren nur bei Frühinfekten und hämatogenen Infektionen eine vertretbare Erfolgschance hat. Standard ist heute der zweizeitige Wechsel mit einem Intervall von 6 bis 8 Wochen und begleitender systemischer Antibiotikatherapie. Der einzeitige septische Wechsel ist zwar für den Patienten das angenehmere Verfahren, jedoch an Voraussetzungen geknüpft, die nicht überall gegeben sind. Die Erfolgsrate in der Literatur liegt mit den unterschiedlichen angegeben Konzepten bei durchschnittlich 80–100%. Es gibt kein evidenzbasiertes Vorgehen über den gesamten Behandlungsablauf und viele individuelle Modifikationen. Notwendig ist aber immer eine Strategie in der Behandlungsplanung und ein Konzept möglichst frei von subjektiven Entscheidungskriterien. Sollte die Heilungsrate unter 80% der Fälle liegen, ist die jeweilige Behandlungskonzeption neu zu überarbeiten.
Abstract
Periprosthetic infections represent the most feared complications in orthopedic surgery. Frequently, the substantial challenges result more from a delayed diagnosis and an inadequate therapy than from the infection itself. The guiding symptom is pain. The determination of C-reactive protein (CRP) and the blood sedimentation rate (BSR) is the basic screening test for infection while joint aspiration is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis. Infection treatment with implant preservation is only promising and justifiable in the early postoperative infection period. The current concept of infection treatment consists of a two-stage revision with 6–8 weeks implant-free interval and an accompanying antibiotic therapy. The one-stage revision is the patient friendliest procedure but requires strict prerequisites which may not be given in a number of cases. The reported mean success rates range from 80–100% with the respective therapeutic procedures. However, there is no single evidenced-based therapeutic concept throughout the whole course of treatment but frequently a various number of individual modifications. Nevertheless, a clear strategy in treatment planning using objective criteria without subjective decisions and emotions is essential for the success of therapy. If the healing rate falls under 80% the applied concept must be reconsidered.
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Perka, C., Haas, N. Periprothetische Infektion. Chirurg 82, 218–226 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-010-2014-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-010-2014-3