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Onkologische Beckenchirurgie unter gynäkologischen Gesichtspunkten

Oncological pelvic surgery from a gynecological perspective

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Zusammenfassung

Die etablierten gynäkologischen Tumoroperationen beruhen auf einer am reifen Organismus unter funktionellen Gesichtspunkten ermittelten Anatomie und der Annahme einer radial progressiven lokalen Tumorausbreitung. Das daraus abgeleitete operative Ziel, das Malignom mit einem metrisch definierten radialen mikroskopisch tumorfreien Rand zu resezieren, kann aber Lokalrezidive nicht verhindern. Bei histopathologischen Risikomerkmalen wird deshalb eine adjuvante Strahlentherapie durchgeführt, die die behandlungsbedingte Morbidität erhöht. Die Leipzig School of Radical Pelvic Surgery hat auf der Grundlage einer aus der Embryonalentwicklung abgeleiteten Anatomie morphogenetischer Einheiten (ontogenetische Anatomie) und der Kompartimenttheorie der lokalen Tumorausbreitung neue Operationsmethoden entwickelt und prospektiv evaluiert. Mit den verschiedenen Varianten der mesometrialen Resektion (TMMR, PMMR) und der Vulvafeldresektion (VFR) können maligne Erkrankungen des unteren und mittleren weiblichen Genitaltraktes in den Stadien I und II ohne adjuvante Strahlentherapie mit sehr hoher (>95%) lokoregionärer Kontrolle und geringer Morbidität therapiert werden. Die lateral erweiterte endopelvine Resektion (LEER) ermöglicht auch bei fortgeschrittenen Stadien und bei Lokalrezidiven sowie beim distalen Vaginalkarzinom eine nachhaltige Tumorkontrolle.

Abstract

The established gynecological cancer operations are based on functional anatomy derived from the mature organism and on a model of radial progressive tumor permeation. Surgical treatment aims to resect the tumor with a metrically defined radial margin of tissue microscopically free of neoplastic or dysplastic disease. However, despite adequate surgical performance local tumor relapses still occur. In the presence of histopathological risk factors adjuvant radiation is therefore recommended which increases treatment-related morbidity.

The Leipzig School of Radical Pelvic Surgery has developed new gynecological cancer operations from a different perspective on anatomy and local tumor spread. Tissue mapping is deduced by following the organism’s development from the stage of tissue deposition to maturity (ontogenetic anatomy) to define permissive compartments for cancer permeation. The variants of mesometrial resection (TMMR, PMMR) and vulva field resection (VFR) achieve very high (>95%) local control rates in stages I and II cancer of the lower and middle female genital tract without adjuvant radiation. Laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) provides sustained tumor control even in locally advanced and recurrent disease as well as cancer of the distal vagina.

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Höckel, M. Onkologische Beckenchirurgie unter gynäkologischen Gesichtspunkten. Chirurg 81, 875–882 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-010-1944-0

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