Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen der Outcome-Forschung gewinnt das Konzept Lebensqualität (LQ) eine zunehmende Bedeutung als wichtiges Zielkriterium. Lebensqualität kann in der Rektumkarzinomchirurgie in Abhängigkeit von unterschiedlichen Operationsverfahren erfasst und mit standardisierten und validierten Messinstrumenten erhoben und verglichen werden. Bisher ging man davon aus, dass sich Operationen mit Sphinktererhalt prinzipiell günstiger auf die LQ der Patienten auswirken als Operationen mit Anlage eines Stomas. Aktuelle Studien geben aber Hinweise, dass Rektumkarzinompatienten mit Stoma durchaus eine vergleichbar gute, teilweise sogar bessere LQ aufweisen können als Patienten ohne Stoma. Es fehlen jedoch prospektive Studien, die in der bisherigen Erfassung von LQ vernachlässigte Faktoren wie Erwartungen des Patienten und Gewichtung der Lebensqualitätsdimensionen mit einbeziehen, um hierdurch auch die beobachteten Unterschiede besser interpretieren zu können. Dies wäre auch ein weiterer wichtiger Schritt, um bereits perioperativ nicht nur durch die chirurgische Technik, sondern auch durch eine angemessene Patientenführung die Lebensquaität von Patienten mit Rektumkarzinom günstig zu beeinflussen.
Abstract
During recent years, quality of life has become an increasingly important parameter in the outcome assessment of therapeutic protocols in oncology. In rectal cancer treatment, the influence of different surgical techniques on quality of life can be evaluated and compared by a variety of standardized and clinically validated instruments. As yet, sphincter-saving surgical techniques were considered to result in higher quality of life than those sacrificing the sphincter. Recent data from clinical trials indicates that stoma patients have comparable or even higher quality of life than patients of sphincter-saving surgery. However, prospective clinical trials assessing not only classic quality of life items but also unconventional parameters, i.e., patient expectations etc., are still lacking. Thus, detailed interpretation of the differences assessed by the classic quality of life scores is profoundly hampered. The realisation of such a prospective clinical trial will be a further important step to improve quality of life in patients suffering from rectal cancer by improving not only surgical techniques but also appropriate psychological patient management.
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Hoppe de Mamani, S., Schlag, P.M. Lebensqualität nach Rektumchirurgie. Chirurg 75, 26–31 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-003-0781-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-003-0781-9