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Soziale Ungleichheiten beim Auftreten chronischer Krankheiten

Social inequalities in the occurrence of chronic diseases

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Risiken für das Auftreten chronischer Krankheiten sind mit wenigen Ausnahmen sozial ungleich verteilt. Sie sind am höchsten bei Männern und Frauen mit den niedrigsten Einkommen, der geringsten Schulbildung und in Berufen mit den niedrigsten Dispositionsspielräumen. Schulbildung, berufliche Stellung und Einkommen unterscheiden sich diesbezüglich in ihrem latenten Gehalt und dürfen daher nicht als gegeneinander austauschbar betrachtet werden. Die relativen Größenordnungen ihrer Effekte unterscheiden sich je nach Art der untersuchten Erkrankung, es stehen jedoch nicht immer alle drei Indikatoren zur Verfügung. Nach einer Klärung des latenten Gehalts der in Studien üblicherweise verwendeten Indikatoren sozialer Differenzierung werden im vorliegenden Beitrag gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten anhand von vier Gruppen chronischer Erkrankungen dargestellt: Mundgesundheit, Diabetes Typ 2, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Krebserkrankungen. Die Ausführungen zielen nicht auf eine vollständige Darstellung der vorliegenden empirischen Befunde, sondern auf eine im Hinblick auf die Ergebnisse repräsentative Darstellung von Studien und auf den Erklärungswert von Schulbildung, Beruf und Einkommen.

Abstract

The risks of the occurrence of most chronic diseases are unequally distributed. The highest risks occur in men and women with the lowest incomes, the lowest educational qualifications, and in occupations with the lowest decision latitude. Education, occupational position, and income as indicators of socio-economic position differ with regard to their latent content and can thus not be considered to be interchangeable. The relative magnitudes of their effects differ according to the diseases considered, but all three are not available in all studies. After an explanation of the latent content of the most frequently used indicators of social differentiation, health inequalities are considered by using four groups of chronic illnesses: oral, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. The description is not designed to be an exhaustive assessment of the available empirical findings, but rather a representative presentation of the results and the explanatory value of education, occupation and income

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Soziologie OE 5420, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30823, Hannover, Deutschland

    Siegfried Geyer

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Geyer, S. Soziale Ungleichheiten beim Auftreten chronischer Krankheiten. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 59, 181–187 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-015-2277-4

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