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Burn-out

Kann man es messen?

Burnout

Can it be measured?

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Unter Burn-out wird überwiegend ein arbeitsbezogenes Syndrom verstanden, das mit gravierenden individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen assoziiert ist. Studienziel: Der 2010 bei DIMDI erschienene HTA-Bericht „Differentialdiagnostik des Burnout-Syndroms“ beschäftigte sich mit der Frage, inwiefern Burn-out diagnostiziert und von anderen Störungen abgegrenzt werden kann. Methodik: Basierend auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche in 36 Datenbanken werden 852 deutsch- oder englischsprachige Studien identifiziert, die zwischen 2004 und 2009 erschienen sind. Nach Berücksichtigung aller Einschluss- und Ausschlusskriterien verbleiben 25 medizinische und eine ethische Publikation. Ergebnisse: Die Evidenz der Studien ist überwiegend gering. Es werden primär Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumente eingesetzt. Es zeigt sich, dass es bisher kein allgemeingültiges Vorgehen gibt, um Burn-out zu diagnostizieren. Zudem ist Burn-out nicht einheitlich definiert. Von differenzialdiagnostischer Bedeutung sind vor allem Depressionen, Alexithymie, Befindlichkeitsstörungen und chronische Erschöpfung. Fazit: Neben einer einheitlichen Definition sind vor allem hochwertige Langzeitstudien notwendig, um das Burn-out-Phänomen in seiner Komplexität zu erfassen. Zudem muss eine international valide Variante der Diagnostik gefunden werden.

Abstract

Burnout is widely known as a work-related syndrome that is associated by serious individual and social consequences. The aim of the HTA report “Differential diagnostic of the burnout syndrome” published by DIMDI in 2010 was to determine how burnout can be diagnosed and distinguished from other disorders. Based on a systematic literature review of 36 databases, 852 studies published between 2004 and 2009 were identified. After considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 medical and one ethical study remained. The study evidence is predominantly low. Self-assessment tools are mainly used. The analysis showed that no standardized, common valid procedure exists to obtain a burnout diagnosis. Overall the problem is to measure a phenomenon that is not exactly defined. It is primarily important to distinguish burnout from depression, alexithymia, feeling unwell, and the concept of prolonged exhaustion. Beside the need for a valid definition, further research is needed, particularly high-quality, long-term studies, to broaden the understanding of the syndrome. Furthermore, a standardized, internationally accepted and valid procedure for diagnosing burnout is necessary.

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Danksagung

Der HTA-Bericht ist von DIMDI in Auftrag gegeben worden.

Interessenkonflikt

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  1. Institut für Grundlagen- und Programmforschung, Nymphenburgerstr. 47, 80335, München, Deutschland

    D. Korczak & B. Huber

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  1. D. Korczak
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  2. B. Huber
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Correspondence to D. Korczak.

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Korczak, D., Huber, B. Burn-out. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 55, 164–171 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-011-1404-0

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