Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Körperliche Aktivität und Public Health

Physical activity and public health

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag führt die derzeit gültigen Empfehlungen und zu beobachtenden Prävalenzen für körperliche Aktivität auf. Darüber hinaus werden verschiedene Interventionen zur Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität auf Bevölkerungsebene exemplarisch dargestellt und die vorliegenden Evidenzen diskutiert. Hierbei wird unterschieden zwischen individuumsbezogenen Interventionen, gemeindebezogenen Interventionen, massenmedialen Kampagnen, Interventionen im Rahmen der gesundheitlichen Versorgung sowie politik- und umweltbasierten Interventionen. Im Ergebnis kann für individuumsbezogene Interventionen eine Wirksamkeit nachgewiesen werden, wenn auch die Erreichbarkeit bestimmter Zielgruppen durch diese Ansätze schwierig erscheint. Für gemeindebezogene Interventionen und massenmediale Kampagnen liegen derzeit konfligierende Erkenntnisse zur Wirksamkeit vor. Interventionen im Rahmen der gesundheitlichen Versorgung erzielen zumeist kurzfristige Effekte auf das Bewegungsverhalten. Für politik- und umweltbasierte Interventionen erscheint eine Evidenzbasierung gegeben.

Abstract

The article describes existing recommendations and prevalences of physical activity. In addition, different intervention strategies for the promotion of physical activity on the population level and evidence for their effectiveness are discussed. Intervention strategies are categorized in individually adapted approaches, community-based approaches, mass media campaigns, approaches as part of health service delivery, and policy and environmental approaches. Reviews indicate evidence for the effectiveness of individually adapted approaches for physical activity promotion. However, these approaches might not be well suited to reach certain subgroups of populations. For community-based approaches and for mass media campaigns, at this point, conflicting evidence exists. Interventions as part of health service delivery seem to mostly result in short-term effects regarding physical activity. For policy and environmental approaches, reviews indicate effectiveness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  1. US Department of Health and Human Services (1996) Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia

  2. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee (2008) Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008. US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC

  3. International Diabetes Federation (2009) IDF Diabetes Atlas. 4. Aufl. IDF, Brüssel

  4. Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM (1985) Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness. Public Health Rep 100:125–131

    Google Scholar 

  5. Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN et al (1995) Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA 273:402–407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC et al (2000) Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32:498–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Foster C (2000) Guidelines for health-enhancing physical activity promotion programs. British heart foundation health promotion research group. University of Oxford Press, Oxford

  8. Haskell WL, Lee I, Pate RR et al (2007) Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:1423–1434

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN et al (2007) Physical activity and public health in older adults. Recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:1435–1445

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Weltgesundheitsorganisation (2010) Global recommendations on physical activity for health. WHO Global Office, Genf

  11. Fogelholm M, Malmberg J, Suni J et al (2006) International physical activity questionnaire: validity against fitness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38:753–760

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Europäische Kommission (2006) Health and food. Special Eurobarometer 246. TNS Opinion & Social, Brüssel

  13. Lampert T, Mensink GBM, Ziese T (2005) Sport und Gesundheit bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 48:1357–1364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rütten A, Abu-Omar K, Adlwarth W et al (2007) Bewegungsarme Lebensstile. Zur Klassifizierung unterschiedlicher Zielgruppen für eine gesundheitsförderliche körperliche Aktivierung. Gesundheitswesen 69:393–400

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Rütten A, Abu-Omar K (2004) Prevalence of physical activity in the European Union. Soz Praventivmed 49:281–289

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007) Prevalences of physical activity among adults – United States 2001 and 2005. MMWR 46:1209–1212

    Google Scholar 

  17. Juneau CE, Potvin L (2010) Trends in leisure-, transport-, and work-related physical activity in Canada 1994–2005. Prev Med 51:384–386

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Sallis JF, Owen N (1999) Physical activity and behavioral medicine. Sage, Thousand Oaks

  19. Demarest S, Roskam AJ, Cox B et al (2007) Socio economic inequalities in leisure time physical activity. In: The Eurothine Project (2007). Tackling health inequalities in Europe: an integrated approach EUROTHINE. http://survey.erasmusmc.nl/eurothine/index.php?ind

  20. Rütten A, Abu-Omar K (2003) Prävention durch Bewegung. Zur Evidenzbasierung von Interventionen zur Förderung körperlicher Aktivität. Z Gesundh Wiss 11:229–246

    Google Scholar 

  21. Rosenstock IM (1966) Why people use health services. Milbank Mem Fund Q 44:94–124

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC (1983) Stages and processes of self-change in smoking: towards an integrated model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 51:390–395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dunn AL et al (1999) Comparison of lifestyle and structured interventions to increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. JAMA 281:327–334

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Foster C, Hillsdon M, Thorogood M et al (2005) Interventions for promoting physical activity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1) Art No: CD003180. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003180.pub2

    Google Scholar 

  25. Task Force on Community Preventive Services (2005) In: Zaza S, Briss PA, Harris KW (Hrsg) The Guide to community preventive services. What works to promote health? Oxford University Press, New York

  26. Conn VS, Hafdahl AR, Mehr DR (2011) Interventions to increase physical activity among healthy adults: meta-analysis of outcomes. Am J Public Health 101:751–758

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ashworth NL, Chad KE, Harrison EL et al (2005) Home versus center based physical activity programs in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1) Art No: CD004017. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004017.pub2

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hillsdon M, Foster C, Cavill N et al (2005) The effectiveness of public health interventions for increasing physical activity among adults: a review of reviews. Health Development Agency, UK

  29. Luepker RV, Murray DM, Jacobs DR et al (1994) Community education for cardiovascular disease prevention: risk factor change in the Minnesota Heart Health Program. Am J Public Health 84:1383–1393

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Young RD, Haskell WL, Taylor CB et al (1995) Effect of community health education on physical activity knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Am J Epidemiol 144:264–274

    Google Scholar 

  31. Weltgesundheitsorganisation (2009) Interventions on diet and physical activity: what works. WHO, Genf

  32. Baker PRA, Francis DP, Soares J et al (2011) Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4) Art No: CD008366. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008366.pub2

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bauman AE et al (2001) Impact of an Australian mass media campaign targeting physical activity in 1998. Am J Prev Med 21:41–47

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hillsdon M, Cavill N, Nanchahal K et al (2001) National level promotion of physical activity: results from Englands’s ACTIVE for LIFE campaign. J Epidemiol Community Health 55:755–761

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Wakefield MA, Loken B, Hornik RC (2010) Use of mass media campaigns to change behaviour. Lancet 376:1261–1271

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Lawton BA, Rose SB, Elley CR et al (2008) Exercise on prescription for women aged 40–74 recruited through primary care: two year randomised controlled trial. BMJ 337:a2509

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kinmonth AL, Wareham NJ, Haredeman W et al (2008) Efficacy of a theory-based behavioural intervention to increase physical activity in an at-risk group in primary care. Lancet 371:41–48

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Eden KB, Orleans CT, Mulrow CD et al (2002) Does counselling by clinicians improve physical activity? A summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 137:208–215

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Rütten A, Frahsa A (2011) Bewegungsverhältnisse in der Gesundheitsförderung. Ein Ansatz zur theoretischen Konzeptualisierung mit exemplarischer Anwendung auf die Interventionspraxis. Sportwissenschaft 41:16–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Staunton CE, Hubsmith D, Kallins W (2003) Promoting safe walking and biking to school: the Marin County success story. Am J Public Health 93:1431–1434

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Linenger JM, Chesson CV, Nice SD (1991) Physical fitness gains following simple environmental change. Am J Prev Med 7:298–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2008) Promoting and creating built or natural environments that encourage and support physical activity. NICE Public Health Guidance 8, NICE, London

  43. Wu S, Cohen D, Shi Y et al (2011) Economic analysis of physical activity interventions. Am J Prev Med 40:149–158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Roux L, Pratt M, Tengs TO et al (2008) Cost effectiveness of community-based physical activity interventions. Am J Prev Med 35:578–588

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, UK (2005) Four commonly used methods to increase physical activity: brief interventions in primary care, exercise referral schemes, pedometers and community-based exercise programmes for walking and cycling. NICE Public Health Intervention Guidance 2, NICE, London

  46. Müller-Riemenschneider F, Reinhold T, Willich SN (2009) Cost-effectiveness of interventions promoting physical activity. Br J Sports Med 43:70–76

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Sportwissenschaft und Sport, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebberstr. 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Deutschland

    K. Abu-Omar & A. Rütten

Authors
  1. K. Abu-Omar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Rütten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Abu-Omar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Abu-Omar, K., Rütten, A. Körperliche Aktivität und Public Health. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 55, 66–72 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-011-1389-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-011-1389-8

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation