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ADHS bei Kindern: Risikofaktoren, Schutzfaktoren, Versorgung, Lebensqualität

Eine kurze Übersicht

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Risk factors, protective factors, health supply, quality of life. A brief review

  • Leitthema: Chronisch kranke Kinder
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/-Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist eine chronische Verhaltensstörung, die in Deutschland bei 4,8 % aller Kinder und Jugendlichen diagnostiziert wird. Obwohl viele Studien überwiegend neurobiologische Ursachen für ADHS nahelegen, lässt sich die Erkrankung noch nicht anhand entsprechender biologischer Marker diagnostizieren. Im Mittelpunkt der Diagnose steht die Einschätzung eines erfahrenen Klinikers, wobei die Abgrenzung zu anderen psychischen Erkrankungen bedeutsam ist. An Risikofaktoren sind neben der Veranlagung u. a. die Nikotinexposition des Kindes während der Schwangerschaft, ungünstige psychosoziale Umstände und Geburtskomplikationen bekannt. Als Schutzfaktoren haben sich die kognitive Begabung, günstige Sozialkontakte und eine frühe Behandlung erwiesen. Die erforderlichen Versorgungsstrukturen entwickeln sich, bedürfen aber noch erheblicher Verbesserung. Studien über die Lebensqualität betroffener Kinder zeigen, dass diese in nahezu allen Bereichen erheblich eingeschränkt ist.

Abstract

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic behavioural disorder diagnosed in 4.8 % of German children and adolescents. Although many studies indicate primarily a neurobiological etiology, the disorder cannot be diagnosed on the basis of specific markers. The principal aspect of diagnosis is the experienced clinician who must also take the differentiation of other behavioural disorders into account. In addition to inheritance, other known risk factors are nicotine exposition in pregnancy, adverse psychosocial conditions and birth complications. Protective factors are cognitive abilities, positive social contacts, and early treatment. The necessary structures in community support are developing; however, substantial enhancement is needed. Studies on quality of life indicate that ADHD should not be reduced to core symptoms since affected children are impaired in almost all areas of daily life.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Main, BRD

    Michael Huss

  2. Direktor der Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Klinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, BRD

    Michael Huss

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Correspondence to Michael Huss.

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Huss, M. ADHS bei Kindern: Risikofaktoren, Schutzfaktoren, Versorgung, Lebensqualität. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 51, 602–605 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-008-0538-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-008-0538-1

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