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Allergische Erkrankungen

Ergebnisse aus dem Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS)

Allergic diseases. Results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)

  • Leitthema: Ergebnisse des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys
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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Im Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS) wurden von 2003–2006 an einer bevölkerungsbezogenen Stichprobe von 17.641 0- bis 17-Jährigen Daten zu allergischen Erkrankungen (Asthma, atopisches Ekzem, Heuschnupfen, allergisches Kontaktekzem) erhoben und Blutproben auf spezifische IgE-Antikörper gegen 20 verbreitete Allergene untersucht. Die Lebenszeitprävalenz (LZP) mindestens einer atopischen Erkrankung betrug 22,9 % (95 %- KI 22,0–23,7 %), die 12-Monats-Prävalenz (12MP) 16,1 % (15,4–16,8 %); Jungen (17,3; 16,3–18,2 %) waren häufiger betroffen als Mädchen (14,9; 14,0–15,8 %). Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund waren aktuell seltener von einer atopischen Erkrankung betroffen, ebenso Kinder aus Familien mit niedrigem Sozialstatus. Die LZP des allergischen Kontaktekzems lag nach Elternangaben bei 9,9 % (9,4–10,5 %); Mädchen (13,8; 12,9–14,8 %) waren häufiger betroffen als Jungen (6,2; 5,6–6,9 %). 40,8 % (39,6–42,0 %) der 3- bis 17-Jährigen waren gegenüber mindestens einem der getesteten Allergene sensibilisiert; Jungen (45,0; 43,5–46,5 %) häufiger als Mädchen (36,4; 35,0–37,9 %). In den alten Bundesländern war die LZP des allergischen Kontaktekzems höher (10,2; 9,6–10,9 %) als in den neuen Bundesländern (8,4; 7,4–9,6 %); ansonsten zeigten sich keine Ost-West-Unterschiede. Die KiGGS-Daten liefern erstmals bundesweit repräsentative Daten über allergische Erkrankungen und Sensibilisierungen. Die beobachteten Prävalenzunterschiede stehen in weitgehender Übereinstimmung mit bisherigen Studien und können die Hygienehypothese stützen. Die Prävalenzen zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland scheinen sich inzwischen vollständig angenähert zu haben.

Abstract

In the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) from 2003–2006 information was collected on allergic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis, hay fever, allergic contact eczema) from a population-based sample of 17,641 0–to 17-year-olds, and blood samples were studied for specific IgE antibodies to 20 common allergens. The lifetime prevalence (LTP) of at least one atopic disease was 22.9 % (95 % CI: 22.0–23.7 %), the 12-month prevalence (12MP) was 16.1 % (15.4–16.8 %); boys (17.3; 16.3–18.2 %) were more frequently affected than girls (14.9; 14.0–15.8 %). Children with a background of migration were less often currently affected by an atopic disease, as were children from families of low social status. According to parents' accounts, the LTP of allergic contact eczema was 9.9 % (9.4–10.5 %); girls (13.8;12.9–14.8) were more frequently affected than boys (6.2; 5.6–6.9 %). Of the 3- to 17-year-olds, 40.8 % (39.6–42.0 %) were sensitised to at least one of the allergens tested; boys (45.0; 43.5–46.5 %) more frequently so than girls (36.4; 35.0–37.9 %). In the states of the former FRG, the LTP of allergic contact eczema was higher (10.2; 9.6–10.9 %) than those in the former GDR (8.4 % 7.4–9.6 %); otherwise there were no East-West differences. The KiGGS data provide the first nationally representative data on allergic diseases and sensitisation. The differences in prevalence observed correspond to a great extent with previous studies and may support the hygiene hypothesis. The prevalences in East and West Germany now seem to have equalised.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, BRD

    M. Schlaud, K. Atzpodien & W. Thierfelder

  2. Robert Koch-Institut, Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsberichterstattung, Postfach 650261, 13302, Berlin, BRD

    M. Schlaud

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Schlaud, M., Atzpodien, K. & Thierfelder, W. Allergische Erkrankungen. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 50, 701–710 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-007-0231-9

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