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Kombinierte Lungen- und Lebertransplantation

Anästhesiologisches Management

Anaesthesiologic management of combined lung and liver transplantation

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Zusammenfassung.

Bei einem 53jährigen Mann wurde erstmals in unserer Klinik eine kombinierte Lungen- und Lebertransplantation durchgeführt. Der Patient litt infolge von Alpha-1-Antitrypsinmangel an einem terminalen Lungenemphysem sowie einer mehrfach dekompensierten Leberzirrhose mit portaler Hypertension. In einer mehr als sechsstündigen Operation wurden zunächst die linke Lunge und anschließend die Leber transplantiert. Die Beatmung erfolgte seitengetrennt über einen Doppellumentubus, zur Überwachung der Sauerstoffsättigung benutzten wir einen femoral- und pulmonalarteriellen fiberoptischen Katheter. Die Oxygenierung während der Lungentransplantation erwies sich als unproblematisch, zur Senkung des pulmonalvaskulären Widerstands kam Prostacyclin zum Einsatz. Hämodynamisch imponierte ein hohes Herzzeitvolumen bei niedrigem systemischen Gefäßwiderstand. Wegen Thrombosierung von Pfortader und V. axillaris war die Installation eines femoroporto-axillären Bypasses während der anhepatischen Phase nicht möglich. Nach Abklemmen der unteren Hohlvene kam es zu einem Abfall des Herzindex um 27,2%. Der postoperative Verlauf zeigte eine rasche Erholung der Transplantatleber. Eine am 7. Tag aufgetretene pulmonale Abstoßung wurde erfolgreich mit Methylprednisolon therapiert, 10 Tage nach dem Eingriff konnte der Patient extubiert werden. Das anästhesiologische Management mit den Besonderheiten des hämodynamischen und Beatmungsmonitoring wird ausführlich erläutert.

Abstract.

A 53-year-old man with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency had an 8-year history of progressive dyspnoea and two episodes of bleeding oesophageal varices with liver decompensation. After the diagnosis of terminal pulmonary emphysema (Fig. 1) and liver cirrhosis with progressive liver failure was made, he was accepted for combined lung and liver transplantation. Methods. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and fentanyl and maintained with fentanyl, midazolam, and isoflurane. After relaxation with succinylcholine, the patient's trachea was intubated with a left endobronchial double-lumen tube. Haemodynamic monitoring included arterial, central-venous, pulmonary-artery, and capillary-wedge pressures and cardiac output measurement. Ventilatory monitoring consisted of pulse oximetry, sidestream spirometry, and continuous measurement of arterial and mixed-venous blood oxygen saturation with fibreoptic catheters. A left single-lung transplantation was performed under one-lung ventilation without cardiopulmonary bypass. prostacyclin was infused to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance. The transplant was ventilated separately with 50% oxygen and positive endexpiratory pressure of 8 – 10 cm H2O, and then liver transplantation was carried out. The institution of veno-venous bypass during the anhepatic phase failed because of portal-vein and axillary-vein thrombi. Results. Total operation time was 6 h 30 min. Clamping of the left pulmonary artery lasted 45 min and the duration of the anhepatic phase was 92 min. Ventilation and oxygenation during lung transplantation caused no problems (Table 1). Clamping of the left pulmonary artery caused a slight increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (104 to 124 dyn⋅s⋅cm−5) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (25 to 27 mm Hg) without a decrease in cardiac index (Table 2). During the anhepatic phase with exclusion of the portal vein and inferior vena cava, a marked decrease in cardiac index (−27.2%) was seen (Table 4). The operation required substitution with 10 units packed red blood cells, 12 units fresh frozen plasma, and 5 platelet concentrates. The post-operative course showed normal liver graft function (Table 5). Acute pulmonary rejection on the 7th day was treated successfully with methylprednisolone. The patient's trachea has extubated 10 days after transplantation and he was discharged from the intensive care unit 2 weeks later. Conclusion. The management of this combined lung and liver transplantation was performed according to the experience with isolated lung and liver transplants in our hospital. Aggressive haemodynamic and ventilatory monitoring, including systemic and pulmonary arterial fibreoptic catheters, seems of particular importance in such high-risk procedures.

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Eingegangen am 21. Juni 1993 / Angenommen am 17. Oktober 1993

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Bund, M., Seitz, W., Schäfers, HJ. et al. Kombinierte Lungen- und Lebertransplantation . Anaesthesist 43, 322–329 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/s001010050064

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001010050064

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