Skip to main content
Log in

Verbesserung der Teamkompetenz im OP

Trainingsprogramme aus der Luftfahrt

Improvement of team competence in the operating room

Training programs from aviation

  • Trends und Medizinökonomie
  • Published:
Der Anaesthesist Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Das Thema Prozessmanagement im Krankenhaus hat in den vergangenen Monaten besondere Aufmerksamkeit erlangt. Dazu haben u. a. Presseberichte über medizinische Behandlungsfehler beigetragen. Als Folge sind verstärkt Instrumente des Risikomanagements (z. B. „clinical incident reporting“) im Krankenhaus zur Anwendung gekommen. Diese Instrumente haben jedoch mindestens einen Mangel. Der „Faktor Mensch“, der eine häufige Fehlerursache darstellt, wird von diesen Instrumenten eher am Rande angesprochen. In der Luftfahrtindustrie gilt es ebenfalls, Fehler zu vermeiden. Auch hier entscheidet häufig der „Faktor Mensch“ über Erfolg und Misserfolg einer erbrachten Dienstleistung. Aus diesem Grund wurde das „crew resource management“ (CRM) entwickelt. Im Rahmen des Umzugs in einen Klinikneubau ergab sich die Gelegenheit, Erkenntnisse aus dem CRM für die Optimierung klinischer Abläufe zu nutzen. Dazu wurden 2 Ansätze verfolgt: 1) Abläufe mit Risikopotenzial wurden als „standard operating procedure“ (SOP) definiert, visualisiert und mit den Mitarbeitern in der neuen Arbeitsumgebung simuliert. 2) Methoden des CRM wurden allen Leitungskräften vorgestellt, mit ihnen trainiert und mithilfe von Fragebogen evaluiert. Drei Viertel der leitenden Mitarbeiter beurteilten das Training mit sehr gut. Als Erfolgsfaktoren wurden herauskristallisiert: Kommunikation in Krisensituationen, Erkennung und Gegenmaßnahmen für individuelle Fehler und Fallbeispiele für gutes Teamwork. Die Kombination beider Ansätze kann das Prozessmanagement spürbar verbessern und damit einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Patientensicherheit liefern.

Abstract

Growing attention has been drawn to patient safety during recent months due to media reports of clinical errors. To date only clinical incident reporting systems have been implemented in acute care hospitals as instruments of risk management. However, these systems only have a limited impact on human factors which account for the majority of all errors in medicine. Crew resource management (CRM) starts here. For the commissioning of a new hospital in Minden, training programs were installed in order to maintain patient safety in a new complex environment. The training was planned in three parts: All relevant processes were defined as standard operating procedures (SOP), visualized and then simulated in the new building. In addition, staff members (trainers) in leading positions were trained in CRM in order to train the complete staff. The training programs were analyzed by questionnaires. Selection of topics, relevance for practice and mode of presentation were rated as very good by 73% of the participants. The staff members ranked the topics communication in crisis situations, individual errors and compensating measures as most important followed by case studies and teamwork. Employees improved in compliance to the SOP, team competence and communication. In high technology environments with escalating workloads and interdisciplinary organization, staff members are confronted with increasing demands in knowledge and skills. To reduce errors under such working conditions relevant processes should be standardized and trained for the emergency situation. Human performance can be supported by well-trained interpersonal skills which are evolved in CRM training. In combination these training programs make a significant contribution to maintaining patient safety.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5
Abb. 6
Abb. 7
Abb. 8

Literatur

  1. Afessa B, Morales IJ, Scanlon PD, Peters SG (2002) Prognostic factors, clinical course and hospital outcome of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to an intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 1610–1615

  2. Airbus Industries (2004) Flight Operating Briefing Notes – Human performance. Airbus Customer Service /FLT_OPS-HUM_PER – SEQ02 – REV03-June 2004, France

  3. Aktionsbündnis Patientensicherheit (Hrsg) (2008) Aus Fehlern Lernen – Profis aus Medizin und Pflege berichten. KomPart Verlagsgesellschaft, Bonn

  4. Bauer H (2008) Aus Fehlern Lernen – Ein verzerrtes Bild in der Öffentlichkeit. Dtsch Arztebl 13:664

    Google Scholar 

  5. Badke-Schaub P, Hofinger G, Lauche K (Hrsg) (2008) Human Factors. Psychologie sicheren Handelns in Risikobranchen. Springer Medizin, Heidelberg

  6. Bower JO (2002) Designing and implementing a patient safety program for the OR. AORN J 76:452–456

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Breuer G, Riss R, Schröder T et al (2004) Der Intensiv-Simulator: Ein neues strukturiertes Ausbildungsprogramm in der Sepsis-Schulung. Dtsch med Wochenschr 129:2586–2589

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Clarke SP, Rockett JL, Sloane DM, Aiken LH (2002) Organizational climate, staffing and safety equipment as predictors of needlestick injuries and near-misses in hospital nurses. Am J Infect Control 30:207–216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Clancy C (2005) Training health care professionals for patient safety. Am J Med Qual 20:277–279

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Colquitt JA, LePine JA, Noe RA (2000) Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: A meta-analytic path analysis of 20 years of research. J Appl Psychol 85:678–707

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Dörner D, Schaub H (1995) Handeln in Unbestimmtheit und Komplexität. Organisationsentwicklung 14:34–47

    Google Scholar 

  12. European Commission (2006) Special Eurobarometer No. 241: „Medical Errors“, January 2006, http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_information/ documents/eb_64_en.pdf

  13. Gaba DM, Howard SK, Fish KJ et al (2001) Simulation-based training in anesthesia crisis resource management (ACRM): a decade of experience. Simul Gaming 32:175–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gausmann P, Petry M (2004) Risiko-Management im Krankenhaus aus Sicht der Versicherer. Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich Gesundh 98:587–591

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gosbee J (2002) Human factors engineering and patient safety. Qual Saf Health Care 11:352–354

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Firth-Cozens J (2001) Cultures for improving patient safety through learning: the role of teamwork. Qual Health Care 10:26–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Helmreich RL (2000) On error management: lessons from aviation. BMJ 320:781–785

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hofinger G (2003) Fehler und Fallen beim Entscheiden in kritischen Situationen. In: Strohschneider S (Hrsg) Entscheiden in kritischen Situationen. Im Auftrag der Plattform Menschen in komplexen Arbeitswelten. Polizei und Wissenschaft, Frankfurt am Main, S 111–131

  19. Hübler M, Möllemann A, Eberlein-Gonska M et al (2006) Anonymous critical incident reporting system in anaesthesiology. Results after 18 months. Anaesthesist 55:133–141

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hübler M, Möllemann A, Metzler H, Koch T (2007) Adverse events and adverse event reporting systems. Anaesthesist 56:1067–1068

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kohn L, Corrigan J, Donaldson M (Hrsg) (2000) To err is human: Building a safer health system. Committee on quality of health care in America, Institute of medicine. National Academy, Washington D.C

  22. Kripalani S, LeFevre F, Phillips CO et al (2007) Deficits in communication and information transfer between hospital-based and primary care physicians: implications for patient safety and continuity of care. JAMA 297:831–841

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kurrek MM, Fish KJ (1996) Anaesthesia crisis resource management training: an intimidating concept, a rewarding experience. Can J Anaesth 43:430–434

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. LePine JA, LePine MA, Jackson CL (2004) Challenge and hindrance stress: relationships with exhaustion, motivation to learn and learning performance. J Appl Psychol 89:883–891

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Millar J, Mattke S (2004) Selecting indicators for patient safety at the health system level in OECD countries. OECD patient safety panel. OECD Technical Papers No. 18

  26. Meier M (2010) Fehlbare Ärzte. In Kittel und Asche. Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung, 05.04.2010, S 53

  27. Müller M, Bergmann B, Koch T, Heller A (2005) Dynamic decision making in emergency medicine. Example of paraplegia after a traffic accident. Anaesthesist 54:781–786

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Müller MP, Hänsel M, Stehr SN et al (2007) Six steps from head to hand: a simulator based transfer oriented psychological training to improve patient safety. Resuscitation 73:137–143

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pierluissi E, Fischer MA, Campbell AR, Landefeld CS (2003) Discussion of medical errors in morbidity and mortality conferences. JAMA 290:2838–2842

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rall M, Reddersen S, Zieger J et al (2008) Preventing patient harm is one of the main tasks for the field of anesthesiology from early on. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 43:628–632

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Reason J (2000) Human error: models and management. BMJ 320:768–770

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Salas E, Wilson KA, Burke CS, Wightman DC (2006) Does crew resource management training work? An update, an extension and some critical needs. Hum Factors 48:392–412

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Schaper N, Schmitz AP, Graf B, Grube B (2003) Gestaltung und Evaluation von Simulatorgestützten Trainings in der Anästhesie. In: Manser T (Hrsg) Komplexes Handeln in der Anästhesie. Pabst, Lengerich, S 229–260

  34. Schmidt CE, Möller J, Hart F et al (2007) Erfolgsfaktoren im deutschen Krankenhausmarkt. Kliniken zwischen Verbundbildung und Privatisierung. Anasthesist 56:1277–1283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Schmidt C, Möller J, Malchow B et al (2009) Patient satisfaction – a potential cornerstone of hospital management. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 134:1151–1156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sexton JB, Thomas EJ, Helmreich RL (2000) Error, stress and teamwork in medicine and aviation: cross sectional surveys. BMJ 320:745–749

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Singer SJ, Gaba DM, Geppert JJ et al (2003) The culture of safety: results of an organization-wide survey in 15 California hospitals. Qual Saf Health Care 12:112–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Smith A, Boult M, Woods I, Johnson S (2010) Promoting patient safety through prospective risk identification: example from peri-operative care. Qual Saf Health Care 19:69–73

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. StPierre M, Hofinger G, Buerschaper C (Hrsg) (2005) Notfallmanagement. Human Factors in der Akutmedizin. Springer Medizin, Heidelberg

  40. Stukel TA, Alter DA, Schull MJ et al (2010) Association between hospital cardiac management and outcomes for acute myocardial infarction patients. Med Care 48:157–165

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Sutton G (2009) Evaluating multidisciplinary health care teams: taking the crisis out of CRM. Aust Health Rev 33:445–452

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Thomson DA, Cowan J, Holzmüller C et al (2008) Planning and implementing a system-based patient safety curriculum in medical education. Am J Med Qual 23:271–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Vos M de, Graafmans W, Kooistra M et al (2009) Using quality indicators to improve hospital care: a review of the literature. Int J Qual Health Care 21:119–129

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Weingart SN, McL Wilson R, Gibberd RW, Harrison B (2000) Epidemiology of medical error. BMJ 320:774–777

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Danksagung

Die Autoren danken dem gesamten OP-Team aus Minden, insbesondere Herrn Prof. Dr. Bachmann-Mennenga.

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C.E. Schmidt MPH.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schmidt, C., Hardt, F., Möller, J. et al. Verbesserung der Teamkompetenz im OP. Anaesthesist 59, 717–726 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-010-1758-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-010-1758-y

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation