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Outcome after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and correlation with nutritional status in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Therapieerfolg nach neoadjuvanter Radiochemotherapie und Korrelation mit dem Ernährungsstatus bei Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem Pankreaskarzinom

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Abstract

Background

Cancer patients commonly suffer from weight loss since rapid tumor growth can cause catabolic metabolism and depletion of energy stores such as abdominal fat. In locally advanced pancreatic cancer this is even more pronounced due to abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea or malnutrition. In the present article, we quantify this frequently observed weight loss and assess its impact on outcome and survival.

Methods

Data on demographics, biometrics, toxicity and survival were collected for the last 100 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer at our department (45.0 Gy and boost up to 54.0 Gy plus concurrent and subsequent gemcitabine), and the subcutaneous fat area at the umbilicus level was measured by computer tomography before and after chemoradiation.

Results

After chemoradiation, patients showed a highly statistically significant weight loss and reduction of the subcutaneous fat area. We could determine a very strong correlation of subcutaneous fat area to patient BMI. By categorizing patients according to their BMI based on the WHO classification as slender, normal, overweight and obese, we found improved but not statistically significant survival among obese patients. Accordingly, patients who showed less weight loss tended to survive longer.

Conclusions

In this study, patients with pancreatic cancer lost weight during chemoradiation and their subcutaneous fat diminished. Changes in subcutaneous fat area were highly correlated with patients’ BMI. Moreover, obese patients and patients who lost less weight had an improved outcome after treatment. Although the extent of weight loss was not significantly correlated with survival, the observed trend warrants greater attention to nutritional status in the future.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Krebspatienten erleiden häufig einen Gewichtsverlust, da das Tumorwachstum zu einem katabolischen Stoffwechsel führt und so Reserven, wie z. B. das Bauchfett, verbraucht werden. Dies tritt beim lokal fortgeschrittenen Pankreaskarzinom – bedingt durch Schmerzen, Fatigue, Übelkeit oder Malabsorption – besonders häufig auf. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der klinisch häufig beobachtete Gewichtsverlust objektiviert und seine Auswirkung auf Therapieerfolg und Überleben ausgewertet.

Methoden

Daten zur Demographie, Biometrie, Toxizität und Überleben wurden von den letzten 100 Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem Pankreaskarzinom, die mit einer neoadjuvanten Radiochemotherapie (45,0 Gy und Boost bis 54,0 Gy sowie simultan anschließend Gemcitabin) in unseren Abteilung behandelt wurden, erhoben. Zudem wurde die Fläche des subkutanen Fettgewebes auf Bauchnabelhöhe in Computertomographien vor und nach der Therapie bestimmt.

Ergebnisse

Nach einer Radiochemotherapie hatten die Patienten einen hoch signifikanten Gewichtsverlust sowie ebenso eine Reduktion der Fläche ihres subkutanen Fettgewebes. Die Fläche des subkutanen Fettgewebes korrelierte dabei deutlich mit dem Body-Mass-Index (BMI). Durch Gruppierung der Patienten nach ihrem BMI in Anlehnung an die WHO-Klassifikation in schlank, normal, übergewichtig und adipös zeigte sich ein tendenzieller Überlebensvorteil für adipöse Patienten. Ebenso ließ sich für Patienten mit einem geringeren Gewichtsverlust unter Therapie ein tendenzieller Überlebensvorteil aufzeigen.

Schlussfolgerung

Diese Studie zeigt, dass Patienten mit einem Pankreaskarzinom während einer Radiochemotherapie deutlich an Gewicht verlieren und sich ihr subkutanes Fett verringert. Das subkutane Fett korrelierte dabei sehr stark mit dem BMI. Adipöse Patienten und jene mit einem geringen Gewichtsverlust wiesen eine bessere Prognose auf. Obwohl das Ausmaß des Gewichtsverlusts sich statistisch nicht signifikant auf das Überleben auswirkte, sollte dem Ernährungsstatus während und nach einer Radiochemotherapie mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden.

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Authors’ contributions

PN designed the study, collected the data, performed statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. DH assisted in the determination of the study population. TW, JD and SC made major contributions to the design and coordination of the study. SC helped to complete the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Ingo Brecht for his assistance in the acquisition of data on patients survival.

Conflict of interest

The corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Correspondence to P. Naumann MD.

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Naumann, P., Habermehl, D., Welzel, T. et al. Outcome after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and correlation with nutritional status in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 189, 745–752 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-013-0393-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-013-0393-3

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