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Die endoskopische Dekompression des Nervus ulnaris bei Kubitaltunnelsyndrom

Endoscopic Decompression of the Ulnar Nerve in Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

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Zusammenfassung

Operationsziel

Langstreckige endoskopische In-situ-Dekompression des Nervus ulnaris bei Kubitaltunnelsyndrom (Sulcus-ulnaris-Syndrom) unter Sicht mit minimaler Inzision.

Indikationen

Kubitaltunnelsyndrom jeglicher Genese, insbesondere posttraumatisch, arthrotisch, bei Cubitus valgus, Nervenluxation oder anderer Ursache.

Revisionsoperationen nach primärer endoskopischer Dekompression.

Relativ: Reizung des Nervus ulnaris durch habituelle Luxation.

Kontraindikationen

Relativ: Vorangegangener offener Ersteingriff.

Operationstechnik

Minimale Längsinzision über dem Sulcus ulnaris in der retrokondylären Fossa. Eröffnung des Sulcusdachs und Darstellung des Nervus ulnaris. Präparation eines subkutanen Tunnels in Nervenverlaufsrichtung. Dekompression des Nervus ulnaris durch Spaltung der Muskelfaszie nach proximal und distal unter Schonung aller Hautnerven. Anschließend Eröffnung der submuskulären Membran samt ihren fibrösen bandartigen Verdickungen zwischen Musculus flexor carpi ulnaris und Nerv unter Schonung der Muskeläste des Nervs.

Weiterbehandlung

Voluminöser, bewegungshemmender Wattekompressionsverband des gesamten Arms in 20° Ellbogenflexion für 2–3 Tage. Anschließend ist die Bewegung des Arms tagsüber freigegeben. Nachts Lagerung des Arms in Streckstellung für insgesamt 14 Tage. Bei präoperativen Muskelatrophien gezielte physiotherapeutische Beübung der ulnarisversorgten Muskulatur nach 8 Wochen.

Ergebnisse

52 Patienten wurden mit dieser Methode operiert. 53% gaben eine sofortige Besserung nach der Operation an. 47 Patienten (90%) konnten nach 8 Monaten nachuntersucht werden. Die Zweipunktediskrimination, Grobgriffkraft, Schlüsselgriffkraft und Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit hatten sich signifikant auf Normwerte gebessert. Das Ergebnis, gemessen mit dem modifizierten Bishop Rating System, war in 66% exzellent, in 32% gut und in 2% befriedigend. Schlechte Resultate wurden nicht beobachtet. Auch Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungsstadien erreichten gute Ergebnisse.

Abstract

Objective

Long endoscopic in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel syndrome (sulcus ulnaris syndrome) with direct visualization and minimal incision.

Indications

Every cubital tunnel syndrome including a posttraumatic or arthrotic etiology, cubitus valgus, nerve dislocation, or other causes.

Revision surgery after primary endoscopic decompression.

Relative: irritation of the ulnar nerve by recurrent luxation.

Contraindications

Relative: previous open primary surgery.

Surgical Technique

Minimal longitudinal incision in the retrocondylar groove. The Osborne ligament is opened and the ulnar nerve identified. Dissection of a subcutaneous tunnel in the direction of the nerve. Decompression of the ulnar nerve by opening the muscle fascia proximally and distally while preserving all sensory nerves. Afterwards, the submuscular membrane with its fibrous bands between flexor carpi ulnaris and the nerve is opened while preserving all motor branches of the ulnar nerve.

Postoperative Management

Bulky, slightly compressive dressing of the entire upper extremity to prevent excessive motion in 20° elbow flexion for 3 days. Then, free motion is allowed during the day. At night, the arm should be kept in near extension for 14 days. Muscular atrophy prior to surgery should imply focused physiotherapy for ulnaris-innervated muscles 8 weeks postoperatively.

Results

52 patients were operated using this method. 53% felt an immediate improvement right after surgery. 47 patients (90%) were available for reexamination after 8 months. Two-point discrimination, grip and pinch strength, and nerve conduction velocity had improved significantly to normal levels. Results, measured with the modified Bishop Rating System, were excellent in 66%, good in 32%, and fair in 2%. There were no poor results. Patients with advanced stages of disease also achieved good results.

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Correspondence to Christine Bultmann.

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Bultmann, C., Hoffmann, R. Die endoskopische Dekompression des Nervus ulnaris bei Kubitaltunnelsyndrom. Orthop Traumatol 21, 193–205 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00064-009-1707-6

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