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Antiinfektive Erstherapie bei Sepsis

First-line anti-infective treatment in sepsis

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die adäquate antimikrobielle Therapie ist ein Grundpfeiler der effektiven Sepsistherapie. Die internationalen Leitlinien empfehlen den Beginn der antimikrobiellen Therapie innerhalb einer Stunde nach Diagnose der Sepsis. Der Zeitpunkt der Therapieinitiierung wurde in den letzten Jahren in zahlreichen Studien untersucht.

Ziel

Ziel dieser Studie war die Identifizierung der optimalen initialen Antiinfektivatherapie bei Patienten mit schwerer Sepsis bzw. septischen Schock anhand publizierter Daten.

Material und Methode

Es wurde ein Literaturreview durchgeführt.

Resultate

Eine große Anzahl von Studien belegt, dass eine rasche initiale Antiinfektivatherapie auf das Überleben von Patienten mit schwerer Sepsis und septischen Schock signifikanten Einfluss hat. Allerdings findet sich auch eine nicht zu übersehende Anzahl von Studien, die zeigen, dass eine Gruppe von septischen Patienten von einer raschen antimikrobiellen Therapie nicht nur nicht profitiert, sondern dadurch auch Schaden nehmen kann. Bei diesen Patienten kann durch Zuwarten mit einer gezielten antimikrobiellen Therapie begonnen werden und somit der mögliche Kollateralschaden einer überschießenden Therapie mit Antiinfektiva vermieden werden. Eine antiinfektive Monotherapie ist in vielen Fällen ausreichend.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Verabreichung einer empirischen antimikrobiellen Therapie basierend auf der lokalen Epidemiologie sollte bei Patienten mit Sepsis und Hypotension rasch eingeleitet werden. Bei Patienten, die nicht hypotensiv sind, kann mit der Therapie gewartet werden, bis Untersuchungen bzw. die klinische Einschätzung den Verdacht auf eine Infektion erhärten.

Abstract

Background

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign strongly recommends that intravenous antibiotic therapy should be started as early as possible, ideally within the first hour of recognition of severe sepsis or septic shock. There is ample evidence that failure to initiate early antimicrobial treatment correlates with increased morbidity and mortality.

Objectives

The purpose of this work was to review the recent literature regarding optimal initial antimicrobial treatment in patients with severe sepsis and sepsis shock.

Materials and methods

A literature review was performed.

Results

The most frequently quoted papers claiming the overriding prognostic importance of early administered antibiotics are retrospective data analyses. However, an equivalent number of studies report that a group of septic patients do not benefit from early administration of antibiotics, but can also be harmed. In these patients, watchful waiting with administration of a targeted antibiotic can be used, thus, avoiding the possible collateral damage from excessive treatment with antibiotics. Treatment with monotherapy is adequate in most cases.

Conclusion

The administration of antibiotics based on the local epidemiology should be initiated quickly in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. In patients who are not in septic shock, treatment can be withheld, while awaiting further studies or clinical assessment to confirm the suspicion of infection.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. H. Burgmann gibt an, für die Firmen Valneva SE und Sealife Pharma® GmbH als Konsultant tätig zu sein. Er erhielt Vortragshonorare und Studienunterstüzung von den Firmen Pfizer Deutschland GmbH, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Astellas Pharma GmbH, MSD SHARP & DOHME GmbH, Novartis Pharma GmbH, AstraZeneca GmbH, Janssen-Cilag GmbH und Sealife Pharma® GmbH.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Burgmann, H. Antiinfektive Erstherapie bei Sepsis. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 109, 577–582 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-014-0378-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-014-0378-8

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