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The safety and efficacy of cardiac contractility modulation in heart failure

A meta-analysis of clinical trials

Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit der kardialen Kontraktilitätsmodulation bei Herzinsuffizienz

Metaanalyse klinischer Studien

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Abstract

Background

Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) has developed as a promising treatment device for heart failure (HF). This meta-analysis aimed at systematically reviewing the latest available published trials to provide evidence on the safety and efficacy of CCM in patients with HF.

Methods

We searched the Cochrane Central Resister of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EMBASE in May 2016 to identify eligible clinical trials comparing CCM with sham treatment or with usual care. All-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and serious cardiopulmonary adverse effects were considered to be the primary outcomes of interest in evaluating the safety of CCM for patients with HF. Peak oxygen consumption and 6‑min walk tests were performed as the second outcomes of interest to assess efficacy. Risk ratio (RR), standard mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Four studies enrolling 723 participants were included. Compared with the control arm, CCM did not significantly improve all-cause mortality or all-cause hospitalizations. No differences were observed for adverse effects of CCM, possibly due to the low number of studies. By contrast, CCM significantly improved peak oxygen consumption (standard mean difference 0.233, 95% CI, 0.065–0.401 ml/kg/min, p = 0.006) and the 6‑min walk test distance (standard mean difference 0.924, 95% CI, 0.001–0.334 m, p = 0.049).

Conclusion

In our meta-analysis of published clinic trials we found that CCM did not lower the risk of severe cardiovascular adverse events; however, it was associated with remarkable improvements in functional cardiopulmonary capacity. Therefore, CCM may serve as an alternative option for patients with advanced HF.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die kardiale Kontraktilitätsmodulation (CCM) hat sich zu einer vielversprechenden Therapieform bei Herzinsuffizienz entwickelt. Die vorliegende Metaanalyse dient der systematischen Übersicht über die neuesten verfügbaren Veröffentlichungen von Studien mit dem Ziel, die Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit der CCM bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz nachzuweisen.

Methoden

Die Datenbanken Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed und EMBASE wurden im Mai 2016 durchsucht, um geeignete klinische Studien zu ermitteln, in denen die CCM mit einer Scheinbehandlung oder mit der üblichen Versorgung verglichen wurde. Die Gesamtmortalität, die Krankenhausaufenthalte aus sämtlichen Ursachen und schwere kardiopulmonale unerwünschte Wirkungen wurden als primäre Endpunkte von Interesse angesehen, um die Sicherheit der CCM bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz zu beurteilen. Als sekundäre Endpunkte von Interesse zur Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit wurde der Sauerstoffspitzenverbrauch ermittelt und der 6‑min-Gehtest durchgeführt. Das Risikoverhältnis (RR), die standardisierte Mittelwertdifferenz (SMD) und das 95%-Konfidenzintervall (95%-KI) wurden berechnet.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden 4 Studien mit 723 Teilnehmern in die Auswertung eingeschlossen. Im Vergleich zum Kontrollarm führte die CCM nicht zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Gesamtmortalität oder der Krankenhausaufenthalte aus sämtlichen Ursachen. In Bezug auf unerwünschte Wirkungen der CCM wurde kein Unterschied festgestellt, möglicherweise wegen der geringen Anzahl an Studien. Dagegen besserten sich durch CCM der Sauerstoffspitzenverbrauch (SMD: 0,233; 95%-KI: 0,065–0,401 ml/kg/min; p = 0,006) und die Strecke im 6‑min-Gehtest signifikant (SMD: 0,924; 95%-KI: 0,001–0,334 m; p = 0,049).

Schlussfolgerung

In der vorliegenden Metaanalyse publizierter klinischer Studien stellten die Autoren fest, dass die CCM zwar nicht das Risiko schwerer kardiovaskulärer unerwünschter Ereignisse verringerte, jedoch mit bemerkenswerten Verbesserungen der funktionellen kardiopulmonalen Kapazität vergesellschaftet war. Daher stellt die CCM möglicherweise eine Alternativoption für Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Herzinsuffizienz dar.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2014CFA061) and the Foundation Research Funds for the Central Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. 2042016kf0082).

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Correspondence to B. Yang MD, PhD.

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Liu, X., Yang, H.J., Ping, H.Q. et al. The safety and efficacy of cardiac contractility modulation in heart failure. Herz 42, 766–775 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-016-4514-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-016-4514-5

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